EFFECTS OF BIFIDOCIN B AND LACTOCOCCIN R ON THE GROWTH OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES AND BACILLUS CEREUS ON STERILE CHICKEN BREAST

In the study, the efficacies of bifidocin B and lactococcin R produced by Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris R to control Listeria monocytogenes or Bacillus cereus in irradiated raw chicken breast during storage at 5–8C for 28 days or at 22–25C for 24 h were determined. Each irradiated raw chicken breast was inoculated with 10⁶ cfu/g L. monocytogenes or B. cereus. It was found that both bacteriocins were more effective against L. monocytogenes or B. cereus at 5–8C than at 22–25C, and that lactococcin R was more inhibitory than bifidocin B. Challenge study analysis demonstrated that incorporation of bifidocin B or lactococcin R at a level of 1,600 or 3,200 AU/g could effectively inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes or B. cereus for 3–4 weeks at 5–8C or 6–12 h at 22–25C.     

Perceptual clustering for automatic hotspot detection from Ki‐67‐stained neuroendocrine tumour images

Hotspot detection plays a crucial role in grading of neuroendocrine tumours of the digestive system. Hotspots are often detected manually from Ki‐67‐stained images, a practice which is tedious, irreproducible and error prone. We report a new method to segment Ki‐67‐positive nuclei from Ki‐67‐stained slides of neuroendocrine tumours. The method combines minimal graph cuts along with the multistate difference of Gaussians to detect the individual cells from images of Ki‐67‐stained slides. It, then, automatically defines the composite function, which is used to determine hotspots in neuroendocrine tumour slide images. We combine modified particle swarm optimization with message passing clustering to mimic the thought process of the pathologist during hotspot detection in neuroendocrine tumour slide images. The proposed method was tested on 55 images of size 10 × 5 K and resulted in an accuracy of 94.60%. The developed methodology can also be part of the workflow for other diseases such as breast cancer and glioblastomas.     

THE DETERMINATION OF ASCORBIC ACID, CHLOROPHYLL AND PECTIN CONTENTS OF TURKISH KIWIFRUIT

Abstract The contents of ascorbic acid, chlorophyll and pectin in kiwifruits (Hayward cultivar) grown in Turkey were investigated. While chlorophyll and pectin contents were similar to previous studies, the ascorbic acid content tended to be lower.     

PREDICTION of MASS-AVERAGE and SURFACE TEMPERATURES, and the TEMPERATURE PROFILES AT the COMPLETION of FREEZING FOR SHAPES INVOLVING ONE-DIMENSIONAL HEAT TRANSFER

A model for predicting the temperature profiles of simple-shaped foodstuffs at the end of freezing was developed. It was shown that with appropriate selection of effective thermal diffusivity and initial temperature data, the standard solution of the unidimensional unsteady state heat conduction equation can be used in predicting the average and surface temperatures of infinite slabs at the end of freezing operation. For the calculation of average and surface temperatures in infinite cylinders and spheres, unsteady state solutions were corrected by an empirical factor that was derived from temperature profiles predicted by an accurate finite difference scheme. the temperature profiles calculated from the proposed model were compared with the predicted results obtained from a numerical model. Mean absolute errors between the predictions of the proposed model and the numerical model were 0.54C and 0.46C for average and surface temperatures, respectively.