On the design of observers for generalized state space systems using singular value decomposition

In this paper a method is developed for the design of Luenberger-type observers for linear time-invariant control systems whose state equation is of the form Ex= Ax+ Bu where E is a singular square matrix. The method is based on the singular-value decomposition of the matrix E, and on the reduction of the equation Ex= Ax +Bu to a system consisting of a differential equation of the form w₁, = F₁w₁ + F₂ + w₂ +G₁u and an algebraic equation of the form H₁w₁ +H₂w₂ + G₁u = 0. If w₂ can be eliminated from the differential equation by the aid of the algebraic equation and the original output equation of the system, the method yields a reduced-order observer for the generalized state space system.     

利用核函数法中的自适应带宽同时对一维空间两个储集层属性参数进行粗化

在多孔介质流体流动模拟中,应用网格粗化方法必须在保留重要储集层参数的空间分布的前提下,首先利用大网格粗化原始地质模型(尤其是孔隙型介质),并用数值方法求解。提出了根据属性参数的空间分布、以核函数的自适应带宽为基础的网格粗化新方法,该方法既减少了网格数量,同时也保留原始精细模型的主要非均质性特征。该方法的关键点在于可以同时对两种储集层属性参数进行网格粗化。首先计算每个储集层属性参数的带宽量或最优门槛值并得到粗化结果,然后根据最大带宽和最小带宽采用两种不同的方法对两个属性参数同时粗化。现在已经能够实现利用不同方法建立储集层两个属性参数的最终粗化模型,不同方法的网格单元数和网格位置都相同。最小带宽法的粗化误差小于最大带宽法。图6表1参29     

冷轧加工纳米结构Ti_(50)Ni_(48)Co_2形状记忆合金的超弹性行为（英文）

研究冷轧后退火对Ti_(50)Ni_(48)Co_2形状记忆合金显微组织演化和超弹性性能的影响。结果表明,在冷轧制过程中,合金的显微组织经历了应力诱导马氏体相变和马氏体塑性变形、变形孪晶、马氏体中沿孪晶和不同晶界的位错堆积、纳米晶化、非晶化以及马氏体向奥氏体的可逆相变6个基本阶段。在400℃退火1 h后,冷轧样品中形成的非晶相完全晶化,生成了一个完全纳米晶体的结构。这种纳米晶体合金的峰应力高达730 MPa,明显高于粗晶Ni_(50)Ti_(50)和Ti_(50)Ni_(48)Co_2合金。而且,纳米晶Ti_(50)Ni_(48)Co_2合金具有较高的阻尼容量和较好的储能效率。     

核电结构材料应力腐蚀开裂初始阶段裂尖驱动力的研究

裂尖力学状态是影响核电结构材料应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)扩展速率的主要因素之一。为了搞清SCC不同扩展阶段裂尖驱动力的变化及其对SCC扩展速率的影响,本文建立了SCC扩展不同阶段的有限元模型,详细分析了裂纹初始阶段影响裂尖应力状态的工作载荷、残余应力,以及氧化膜形成过程中产生的膜致应力。结果表明,在SCC裂纹初始阶段,裂尖氧化膜形成所产生的“锲入张力”是SCC的主要驱动力;随着裂纹的扩展,工作载荷和残余应力逐渐成为SCC裂纹扩展的主要驱动力。     

Anti-proliferative effects of a small molecule inhibitor of CDK AT7519 on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells through halting the transition of cells from G2/M phase of the cell cycle

Pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has mostly been studied with regard to the oncogenic roleof BCR/ABL fusion; however, recent disclosures have declared that the challenges with the treatment of CML patientswould not be resolved until the role of other aberrancies is ignored. Given the involvement of cyclin-dependent kinases(CDKs) in the pathogenesis of CML, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of a multi-CDK inhibitorAT7519 on BCR/ABL-harboring CML-derived K562 cells. Our results showed that AT7519 effectively reduced thesurvival of K562 and induced its anti-proliferative effect through the induction of G2/M arrest due to elevated p21and p27. The resulting data also revealed that either direct or indirect suppression of c-Myc using specific c-Mycinhibitor 10058-F4 and selective PI3K inhibitor CAL-101 resulted in a superior cytotoxicity, suggesting that theactivation of PI3K pathway could attenuate antileukemic effects of the inhibitor, at least partly, through a c-Mycdependent mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, to date, no study has addressed the effect of autophagy onCML cell response to AT7519, and, herein, we proposed for the first time that the suppression of autophagyboosted AT7519 cytotoxicity against K562. Overall, we suggested that selective CDK inhibitor AT7519 exertedantileukemic effect against CML cells and propose a novel therapeutic application for the inhibitor either as a singleagent or in combination with c-Myc and/or PI3K inhibitors.     

Effect of process parameters on coating composition of cathodic-plasma-electrolysis-treated copper

Cathodic plasma electrolysis is a novel technique to form nanostructured layers on metallic surfaces by application of high voltage in a suitable aqueous electrolyte. In the present study, copper is treated by plasma electrolysis in 50 vol% ethanol electrolyte and coatings comprising carbon nanostructure and copper oxide are formed on the copper. The effect of some process parameters such as electrical conductivity, volume and temperature of electrolyte and ratio of anode to cathode surface area on current–voltage behaviour and subsequently coating compositions are investigated at 150 V deposition voltage. The composition and morphology of these coatings are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Different current–voltage behaviours, temperatures of substrate and the contents and energies of radicals and ions around the substrate by changes in the mentioned parameters cause different compositions from 100 vol% copper oxide to different ratios of copper oxide to carbon, the structure changing from amorphous to graphitic structure in carbon and amorphous to cubic morphology in copper oxide on the substrate. Therefore, the understanding of cathodic plasma electrolysis can be developed.