不同微生物发酵剂及木醋液在草炭发酵中应用效果研究

草炭与硬杂木锯末以2．6：1比例混匀后，接种不同微生物发酵剂和喷施500倍木醋液，在温室里容积为2．5m^3的发酵槽中进行对比试验，试验结果：喷施500倍木醋液比对照最高发酵温度高7℃，平均发酵温度高4℃；大于40℃以上中高发酵温度多7天；HA总比对照增加11．47％，HA游含量也略高于对照。在只接种微生物发酵剂的处理中，最高发酵温度是酵素菌56℃〉高温纤维分解菌55℃〉秸秆速腐剂54℃〉EM53℃〉对照46℃；在喷施木醋液条件下接种发酵剂，最高发酵温度是高温纤维分解菌57℃=酵素菌57℃〉速腐剂50℃〉EM48℃。HA总及HA游含量也是高温纤维分解菌＋木醋液与酵素菌＋木醋液两个处理明显高于对照及其他接种剂处理。     

光－生物降解发泡PS快餐具性能评价方法研究

本文通过对国内几家单位所开发的光－生物降解发泡聚苯乙烯餐盒使用性能和降解性能的实验研究，初步提出对该类餐盒应从理化指标、毒性指标及样品经氙灯光源加速老化试验、自然气候曝露实验和野外降解实验后红外光谱分析、样品厚度变化及分子量变化情况的测试等几个方面进行评价，为该类产品的研制、开发及应用提供了依据。     

利用铝矾土制备钛酸铝陶瓷

钛酸铝陶瓷是集低膨胀系数和高熔点为一体的新型陶瓷材料,传统钛酸铝的合成采用工业纯的氧化铝和二氧化钛为原料,生产成本较高。本文采用廉价的高铝矾土取代Al2O3制备钛酸铝陶瓷,实验分别取了三种铝钛比,通过性能测试,确定Al2O3:TiO2=1:0.90可制得综合性能较佳的Al2TiO5陶瓷,此时α=2.05×10-6℃-1,抗折强度σ=35Mpa,热震稳定性达到32次。     

低密度、高强度DG型高变催化剂的研制

本文叙述了一种适合大型氨厂使用的、堆密度低到1.25 kg·L^-1、还原态侧压强度高达350 N·cm^-1以上、本体含硫＜500 ppm(wt)、低温活性好的高温变换催化剂的研制开发过程 还介绍了催化剂制备工艺特点和工业试用效果。     

离子液体催化二氧化碳合成环状碳酸酯的研究进展

概述了以离子液体作为催化剂或作为反应介质,用CO2合成环状碳酸酯的研究进展。离子液体是固定CO2产生环状碳酸酯的适宜催化剂和溶剂,离子液体的话性可以通过添加本身并无活性或低活性的Lewis酸性金属卤化物或金属配合物得到改善。使用离子液体使得合成过程变得更加绿色和简单,因为产品易分离,催化剂可以循环利用,而且不必使用挥发性有害的有机溶剂。     

Bolt support mechanism based on elastic theory

Mechanical model of anchorage surrounding rock considering tray effect was established based on elastic theory, in order to study the mechanism of bolt supporting. Elastic solutions of normal force at point in the interior of a semi-infinite solid were obtained by means of classical displacement function method in elasticity. The factors which influence stress of bolted surrounding rock, such as the length of bolt and tray effect, were analyzed. The absolute value of stress along bolt axes decreased rapidly with an increase in radical distance and the maximum appeared near ends of bolt. With increasing radical distance, the value of radical stress changed from positive to negative roughly and then increased to zero, with maximum at the middle of bolt. The evolution of hoop stress as radical distance increasing was similar with stress along bolt axes. With an increase in depth, the radical effect ranges of all normal stress components were reduced. These suggest that the effect from tray on stress along bolt axes of bolted surrounding rock could be neglected, except near surface of surrounding rock.     

黄河三角洲洪水风险分析及流路规划管理

河口治理和洪水风险管理是黄河三角洲发展的重要组成部分。过去几十年来,黄河三角洲在基础设施、水利工程、河堤及海堤建设以及组织、管理方面取得了巨大成就,确保了整个三角洲的防洪安全。然而,洪水风险依然存在,黄河在三角洲地区淤积、延伸、改道的自然属性没有改变,并且随着经济的增长以及气候的变化,洪水风险有增大的趋势。气候变化将导致更多极端气候事件的发生,如洪水、洪水引发的黄河改道以及强海暴潮等。针对目前黄河三角洲面对的洪水风险问题,提出加强水沙调节和河口减淤、延长现有流路行水年限、合理规划备用流路等应对措施。     

基于加卸载响应比理论的大坝台风作用效应计算方法

台风对大坝的作用包括台风引起的强降雨对大坝的影响、台风引起的库水位波动(波浪)对大坝的影响以及台风风荷载对大坝的影响等。基于加卸载响应比理论,通过对台风作用下的大坝效应增强和维持判据进行深入研究,提出了库水位加卸载响应比和波浪加卸载响应比的计算方法,给出了台风作用下大坝效应增强与维持判据的评判准则。利用上述方法和评价准则,对受2010年10号台风"莫兰蒂"影响的东坞水库进行分析,结果表明,东坞水库大坝受台风影响不大,大坝处于稳定状态。将加卸载响应比理论引入到水利工程领域,是对加卸载响应比理论的应用范围的拓展,也是研究台风作用下大坝稳定性的新思路。     

Wear performance of Ni/ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript> infiltrated composite layer

The Ni/ZrO2 was used as raw materials to fabricate the surface infiltrated composite layer with 1-4 mm thickness on cast steel substrate through vacuum infiltrated casting technology. The microstructure indicated that the infiltrated composite layer included surface composite layer and transition layer. Wear property was investigated under room temperature and 450 ℃. The results indicated that the abrasion volume of substrate was 8 times that of the infiltrated composite layer at room temperature. The friction coefficient of infiltrated composite layer decreased with the increasing load. The wear resistance of infiltrated composite layer with different ZrO2 contents had been improved obviously under high temperature. The friction coefficient of infiltrated composite layer was decreased comparing with that at room temperature. The oxidation, abrasive and fatigue abrasion was the main wear mechanism at room temperature. Oxidation abrasion, fatigue wear and adhesive wear dominated the wearing process under elevated temperature.     

Synthesis of boron-doped diamond/porous Ti composite materials — Effect of carbon concentration

Highly boron-doped diamond films were deposited on porous titanium substrates by hot filament chemical vapor deposition technique.The morphology variation of highly boron-doped diamond films grown on porous titanium substrates was investigated,and the effects of carbon concentration on nucleation density and diamond growth were also studied.The continuous change of surface morphology and structure of diamond film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.The structures of diamond film and interlayer were analyzed by X-ray diffraction.The quality of boron-doped diamond film was confirmed by visible Raman spectroscopy.The experimental results reveal that surface morphology and quality of boron-doped diamond films are various due to the change of carbon concentration.The thickness of intermediate layer decreases with the carbon concentration increasing.