An accurate and robust method for the honing angle evaluation of cylinder liner surface using machine vision

This paper presents a machine vision-based method for evaluating honing angle of cylinder liners by exploring the frequency domain characteristics of cylinder liner images. An image-processing algorithm based on Fourier transform and Hough transform is developed and applied on images containing the honing texture patterns captured from 14 cylinder liners manufactured with varying honing angles. The images are captured from cylinder liner surfaces by destructive and non-destructive manner using a charge-coupled device camera attached with magnifying lenses and a miniature microscopic probe respectively.A graphical user interface-based program and protractor-based manual method are used for verifying the accuracy and consistency of the developed image-processing algorithm for automatically evaluating the honing angle from the captured images of cylinder liner surfaces. The results clearly demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method for robustly evaluating the honing angle and it can be used by the cylinder liner manufactures for fast and accurate measurement of honing angle with a resolution of 1°.     

Radiation and Hall effects on a 3D flow of MHD Williamson fluid over a stretchable surface

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) three-dimensional flow of an unsteady Williamson fluid on an enlarging surface with Hall current, radiation, heat source/sink, and chemical reaction is investigated in this article. The basic governing equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations by using an appropriate similarity transformation. The system is deciphered using the shooting method. The properties of influential parameters such as parameters of magnetic field, Hall current, radiation, and so forth, on the flow are discussed with the help of graphs and tables. We noticed that the increase in the magnetic field reduces the velocity in x-direction and the rate of heat and mass transfer. We also acknowledged that the growing values of Hall current parameter boost the velocity in z-direction but it reduce the temperature and concentration distributions, respectively. The results of this study represent many applications in biomedical engineering and these results are helpful for further study of non-Newtonian fluids in various circumstances.     

Synthesis of polydiphenylamine nanostructures via microwave and ultra-sonication method for supercapacitor performance

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Polydiphenylamine (PDPA) finds many applications as a conducting polymer due to its unique properties. Herein, we report a facile synthesis...     

Optimal settings for vision camera calibration

As machine vision system has significant applications in computerized inspection systems, the precise calibration of it is essential to enhance its application potential. The parameters, namely, illumination intensity, length of extender tube, number of control points, and region of interest influence the accuracy and repeatability of calibration. The objective of this study is to determine the optimal settings of the parameters in the operating environment that will maximize the performance of the machine vision system. This paper considers the above-mentioned four factors as the influencing parameters on accuracy and repeatability of calibration and distorted image plane error (DIPE) as a measure of its performance. The Taguchi method-based orthogonal array is applied to evolve the independent optimal settings and the percentage contributions of various parameters on accuracy and repeatability. In addition to the independent optimization, the settings for simultaneous optimization of accuracy and repeatability are evolved with desirability function, total loss function, and Taguchi quality loss function. The optimal settings under independent and simultaneous cases are analyzed and reported.     

Mobile Element Scheduling with Dynamic Deadlines

Wireless networks have historically considered support for mobile elements's an extra overhead. However, recent research has provided the means by which a network can take advantage of mobile elements. Particularly in the case of wireless sensor networks, mobile elements can be deliberately built into the system to improve the lifetime of the network and act as mechanical carriers of data. The mobile element, whose mobility is controlled, visits the nodes to collect their data before their buffers are full. In general, the spatio-temporal dynamics of the sensed phenomenon may require sensor nodes to collect samples at different rates, in which case, some nodes need to be visited more frequently than others. This work formulates the problem of scheduling the mobile element in the network so that there is no data loss due to buffer overflow. The problem is shown to be NP-complete and an integer-linear-programming formulation is given. Finally, some computationally practical algorithms for a single mobile and for the case of multiple mobiles are presented and their performances compared     

Computer Education

This issue of Computer addresses some of the major problems that face those who must educate-and employ-the computer scientists and engineers who will graduate over the next 5 to 10 years.     

Emergence of the Vortex State in Confined Ferroelectric Heterostructures

The manipulation of charge and lattice degrees of freedom in atomically precise, low‐dimensional ferroelectric superlattices can lead to exotic polar structures, such as a vortex state. The role of interfaces in the evolution of the vortex state in these superlattices (and the associated electrostatic and elastic boundary conditions they produce) has remained unclear. Here, the toroidal state, arranged in arrays of alternating clockwise/counterclockwise polar vortices, in a confined SrTiO₃/PbTiO₃/SrTiO₃ trilayer is investigated. By utilizing a combination of transmission electron microscopy, synchrotron‐based X‐ray diffraction, and phase‐field modeling, the phase transition as a function of layer thickness (number of unit cells) demonstrates how the vortex state emerges from the ferroelectric state by varying the thickness of the confined PbTiO₃ layer. Intriguingly, the vortex state arises at head‐to‐head domain boundaries in ferroelectric a₁/a₂ twin structures. In turn, by varying the total number of PbTiO₃ layers (moving from trilayer to superlattices), it is possible to manipulate the long‐range interactions among multiple confined PbTiO₃ layers to stabilize the vortex state. This work provides a new understanding of how the different energies work together to produce this exciting new state of matter and can contribute to the design of novel states and potential memory applications.     

An Efficient Hybrid Computing Environment to Develop a Confidential and Authenticated IoT Service Model

Wireless Personal Communications - The applications and scope of the Internet of Things (IoT) goes on increasing when cloud computing combines with IoT. Cloud enriches the capacity of IoT in...