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81.
Acute anti‐hyperglycaemic effects of an unripe apple preparation containing phlorizin in healthy volunteers: a preliminary study
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82.
Mari Honkanen Maija Hoikkanen Minnamari Vippola Jyrki Vuorinen Toivo Lepistö 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(20):6618-6626
The aim of this study was to characterize two different copper grades, oxygen-free copper, and phosphorous deoxidized copper,
with aminofunctional silane layers on them and to study these silane layers as coupling agents in the injection-molded thermoplastic
urethane–copper hybrids. The copper surfaces were as-received and modified, i.e., polished and oxidized. The copper surfaces
and silane layers which were grown from solution concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 vol% were studied with reflection absorption
infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron
microscope (TEM). The adhesive strengths of the copper–polymer joints were measured with peel tests and peeled surfaces were
further studied with RAIRS, AFM, and FESEM. On the as-received copper surface, the silane layer was irregular and existed
mainly in the surface roughness sites. This was the reason why hybrids manufactured with the as-received copper failed mostly
in the silane layer. Hybrids manufactured with the oxidized copper sheets had a uniform silane layer and the hybrids failed
mostly cohesively in thermoplastic urethane and had excellent peel strength values. In all silane-treated copper samples,
Si–O–Si groups were formed confirming the cross-linking in the silane layer. 相似文献
83.
Satu Kirjoranta Kari Solala Jussi‐Petteri Suuronen Paavo Penttilä Marko Peura Ritva Serimaa Maija Tenkanen Kirsi Jouppila 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2012,47(6):1165-1175
Extrusion cooking is commonly used in the production of snacks. In the present study, extrudates were prepared using barley flour alone and with the addition of either polydextrose (PD) or whey protein isolate (WPI) and both PD and WPI. Independent process variables were water content of the mass (17%, 20% and 23%), screw speed (200, 350 and 500 rpm) and temperature of section 6 and die (110, 130 and 150 °C). Expansion, hardness, water content, porosity and chemical composition of the extrudates were analysed. Highly porous and expanded snack products with high dietary fibre and protein contents were obtained from barley flour and WPI when water content of mass was 17%, screw speed 500 rpm and temperature of section 6 and die 130 °C. Barley flour alone or with PD resulted in hard and non‐expanded extrudates. Expansion of extrudates was statistically significantly increased with decreasing water content of the mass and increasing screw speed in all trials. 相似文献
84.
A simple one-pot method for the preparation of subnanometre-size benzotriazolate (BTA) protected copper clusters, Cu(n)BTA(m), is reported. The clusters were analyzed by optical and infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy together with computational methods. We suggest a structural motif where the copper core of the Cu(n)BTA(m) clusters is protected by BTA-Cu(i)-BTA units. 相似文献
85.
Anneli Hase Maija Ala-Peijari S. Kaltia J. Matikainen 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(8):832-834
The separation of pinolenic acid from distilled tall oil fatty acid by the iodolactonization method was studied. The significance
of prefractionation of tall oils and details of the iodolactonization procedure for the pinolenic acid purity achieved is
discussed. 相似文献
86.
Partial Least Squares Regression Modeling of Physical and Chemical Properties of Corn‐Based Snacks Containing Kañiwa and Lupine
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87.
Element accumulation in boreal bryophytes, lichens and vascular plants exposed to heavy metal and sulfur deposition in Finland 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Salemaa M Derome J Helmisaari HS Nieminen T Vanha-Majamaa I 《The Science of the total environment》2004,324(1-3):141-160
Macronutrient (N, P, K, Mg, S, Ca), heavy metal (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb) and Al concentrations in understorey bryophytes, lichens and vascular plant species growing in Scots pine forests at four distances from the Harjavalta Cu-Ni smelter (0.5, 2, 4 and 8 km) were compared to those at two background sites in Finland. The aim was to study the relationship between element accumulation and the distribution of the species along a pollution gradient. Elevated sulfur, nitrogen and heavy metal concentrations were found in all species groups near the pollution source. Macronutrient concentrations tended to decrease in the order: vascular plants>bryophytes>lichens, when all the species groups grew on the same plot. Heavy metal concentrations (except Mn) were the highest in bryophytes, followed by lichens, and were the lowest in vascular plants. In general, vascular plants, being capable of restricting the uptake of toxic elements, grew closer to the smelter than lichens, while bryophytes began to increase in the understorey vegetation at further distances from the smelter. A pioneer moss (Pohlia nutans) was an exception, because it accumulated considerably higher amounts of Cu and Ni than the other species and still survived close to the smelter. The abundance of most of the species decreased with increasing Cu and Ni concentrations in their tissues. Cetraria islandica, instead, showed a positive relationship between the abundance and Cu, Ni and S concentrations of the thallus. It is probable that, in addition to heavy metals, sporadically high SO(2) emissions have also affected the distribution of the plant species. 相似文献
88.
Aimo Oikari Bjrn-Erik Lnn Maija Castrn Tarja Nakari Barbro Snickars-Nikinmaa Hannu Bister Erkki Virtanen 《Water research》1983,17(1):81-89
Toxicological and physiological effects of dehydroabietic acid (DHAA), a major poison to fishes in pulp and paper mill effluents, were studied by two experiments with rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson: in the first, fish were acutely exposed for 4 days to an average DHAA concentration of 1.2 mg l−1 (Exp. I) and in the second for 30 days to an average of 20 μg DHAA l−1 (Exp. II).Compared to the controls, fish of Exp. I displayed a decreased relative weight of liver, an increased blood haematocrit, and increased haemoglobin as well as plasma protein concentrations. The aspartate aminotransferase activity of heart muscle was significantly elevated, as was also the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of white muscle tissue. In the blood plasma, the proportion of muscle type LDH activity was simultaneously increased. UDP-glucuronyl-transferase activities of liver and kidney were strongly decreased. Results suggest an increased and altered use of body energy reserves, decreased plasma volume and impaired liver function.Fish of Exp. II showed an increased relative weight of spleen. In addition, liver and gill LDH shifted towards heart-type. We conclude that 20 μg l−1 is close to the “minimum effective concentration” of DHAA to rainbow trout. 相似文献
89.
Anna Maija K Sjberg Jari P Tuominen Tuomo Kiutamo Satu M Luukkonen 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1992,59(1):65-75
A method was developed for the detection of irradiation of chicken and chicken meat products. The method consists of the extraction of fat from chicken skin or a chicken meat product, separation of hydrocarbons with an alumina column and gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry analyses of the hydrocarbons 16:2, 16:3, 17:1 and 17:2 formed from oleic, linoleic and stearic acids during irradiation. These hydrocarbons were only detected in irradiated samples at doses of 5 and 10 kGy. The mean concentrations of the hydrocarbons were linearly related to the dose levels of irradiation in the case of chicken fat. The concentrations of two of the hydrocarbons (16:2 and 17:1) gave the best correlation with dose. When a dose of 10 kGy was used, the concentrations of major degradation products were 1.5-5.0 mg/kg fat. The same relationship was not found in the case of chicken meat products because the amounts of hydrocarbons detected after irradiation with the same doses were similar. On the basis of this study it was clearly demonstrated that it is possible to judge analytically whether or not a chicken sample or a chicken meat product has been irradiated at doses of 5 or 10 kGy. It should also be possible to recognise samples irradiated with doses below 5 kGy. 相似文献
90.
Paavo A. Penttilä Jussi-Petteri Suuronen Satu Kirjoranta Marko Peura Kirsi Jouppila Maija Tenkanen Ritva Serimaa 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(10):3470-3479
Wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS) and X-ray microtomography were used to study the structure of brittle,
solid foams made by extrusion of whole grain barley flour and additional whey protein isolate (WPI) and polydextrose (PD).
The structure of the extrudates was described in a coarse way from nano- to microscale, and the effects of additives were
discussed. The additives were observed to affect the structure in many scales, for instance, by inducing differences in the
crystal structure of starch and in the microscale pore structure observed with both SAXS and X-ray microtomography. The most
significant effects were introduced by WPI, but these were highly reduced in the presence of PD. Differences were also seen
in lamellar structures of starch, which were probably formed due to retrogradation and observed with SAXS in powder samples
soaked in water before the measurements. 相似文献