Robust Handwritten Character Recognition with Features Inspired by Visual Ventral Stream

This paper focuses on the applicability of the features inspired by the visual ventral stream for handwritten character recognition. A set of scale and translation invariant C2 features are first extracted from all images in the dataset. Three standard classifiers kNN, ANN and SVM are then trained over a training set and then compared over a separate test set. In order to achieve higher recognition rate, a two stage classifier was designed with different preprocessing in the second stage. Experiments performed to validate the method on the well-known MNIST database, standard Farsi digits and characters, exhibit high recognition rates and compete with some of the best existing approaches. Moreover an analysis is conducted to evaluate the robustness of this approach to orientation, scale and translation distortions.     

Effect of the Electrodeposition Frequency,Wave Form,and Thermal Annealing on Magnetic Properties of [Co0.975Cr0.025]0.99Cu0.01 Nanowire Arrays

Highly ordered [Co _0.975Cr _0.025]_0.99Cu _0.01 nanowire arrays were electrodeposited by conducting alternating current (AC) conditions from sulfate-based electrolyte into nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template with 37 nm pore diameter and the interpore distances of almost 50 nm. Fabricated nanowire arrays were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, alternating gradient force magnetometer, and X-ray diffraction. The results illustrated that varying frequency, wave form, and annealing procedure had influence on magnetic properties of as deposited nanowires. The nanowire arrays electrodeposited at different electrodeposition frequencies show remarkably different magnetic behaviors. Due to increasing of the electrodeposition frequency, the rate of ions for reduction was decreased. The nanowires prepared at various wave form illustrated insignificant impact on magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction patterns display that both as-deposited and annealed nanowire arrays expose the same structure. The raised value of coercivity has been determined in annealed nanowire arrays. Magnetization measurements show that the maximum value of coercivity for [Co _0.975]_0.99Cu _0.01 nanowires is observed at high temperature.     

Kinetics of Crude Peroxidase Inactivation and Color Changes of Thermally Treated Seedless Guava (Psidium guajava L.)

Thermal treatment of seedless guava (Psidium guajava L.) cubes was carried out in the temperature range of 80–95 °C. The kinetics of peroxidase inactivation and color changes due to thermal treatments were determined. Peroxidase inactivation followed a first-order kinetic model, where the activation energy was 96.39 ± 4 kJ mol⁻¹. Color was quantified in terms of L, a, and b values in the Hunter system. The color changes during processing were described by a first-order kinetic model, except total color difference which followed a zero-order kinetic model. The temperature dependence of the degradation followed the Arrhenius relation. The activation energies (E _a) for L, a, b, and total color difference (ΔE) were 122.68 ± 3, 88.47 ± 5, 104.86 ± 5, and 112.65 ± 5 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. The results of this work are a good tool to further optimize seedless guava thermal treatment conditions.     

基于一步随机游走法预测纳米颗粒在水泥基材料中的迁移

有效的建模方法对于相关实验中预测水泥基材料中纳米颗粒的行为和作用非常重要.根据水泥-纳米颗粒系统的微观结构特征,研究了基于单元格加权随机游走法的化学键与纳米颗粒在水泥基体内扩散过程之间建立统计学关系的可行性.LaSr0.5C0.5O3(LSCO)纳米颗粒被用于开发离散系统,该系统考虑了纳米颗粒和水泥材料可能相互作用的每...     

Improvement of efficacy and decrement cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin anticancer drug using bovine serum albumin nanoparticles: synthesis,characterisation and release behaviour

To sustained release of an anticancer drug, oxaliplatin (OX), a non‐toxic and biocompatible nanocarrier based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) were synthesised by desolvation method and characterised using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering. The results showed that the BSA nanoparticles (BSANPs) with a mean magnitude of 187.9 ± 1.2 nm have spherical morphology with a smooth surface and a uniform distribution. Furthermore, OX was loaded onto the BSANPs and the loading was confirmed by FTIR, AFM and FESEM techniques. The percentage of encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were determined by absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis). The drug release studies showed that release of OX from BSANPs exhibited slower release rate. However, the release kinetics followed the first‐order kinetic for both of them with the non‐Fickian release behaviour. The electrochemical analysis showed stability of OX loaded onto the BSANPs (OX@BSANPs) and confirmed the diffusion mechanism. Furthermore, the results of MTT assay revealed increasing of normal cell viability and cancer cell death in the OX@BSANPs compared to only OX. It was shown that the BSANPs could be safely used as a biocompatible nanocarrier for the sustained release of OX.Inspec keywords: nanoparticles, drug delivery systems, molecular biophysics, encapsulation, cancer, proteins, drugs, cellular biophysics, light scattering, nanofabrication, atomic force microscopy, biomedical materials, diffusion, toxicology, nanomedicine, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, ultraviolet spectra, visible spectra, surface morphologyOther keywords: cytotoxicity, biocompatible nanocarrier, bovine serum albumin nanoparticles, desolvation method, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, BSA nanoparticles, FESEM, UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy, drug release rate, nonFickian release behaviour, oxaliplatin anticancer drug, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, spherical morphology, encapsulation efficiency, release kinetics, first‐order kinetics, electrochemical analysis, diffusion mechanism, MTT assay, cell viability, cancer cell death     

Pd Nanoparticles Stabilized on the Cross-Linked Melamine-Based SBA-15 as a Catalyst for the Mizoroki–Heck Reaction

Catalysis Letters - Mesoporous SBA-15 silicate with a high surface area was prepared by a hydrothermal method, successively modified by organic melamine ligands and then used for deposition of Pd...     

Finding concurrency-related bugs using random isolation

This paper concerns automatically verifying safety properties of concurrent programs. In our work, the safety property of interest is to check for multi-location data races in concurrent Java programs, where a multi-location data race arises when a program is supposed to maintain an invariant over multiple data locations, but accesses/updates are not protected correctly by locks. The main technical challenge that we address is how to generate a program model that retains (at least some of) the synchronization operations of the concrete program, when the concrete program uses dynamic memory allocation. Static analysis of programs typically begins with an abstraction step that generates an abstract program that operates on a finite set of abstract objects. In the presence of dynamic memory allocation, the finite number of abstract objects of the abstract program must represent the unbounded number of concrete objects that the concrete program may allocate, and thus by the pigeon-hole principle some of the abstract objects must be summary objects—they represent more than one concrete object. Because abstract summary objects represent multiple concrete objects, the program analyzer typically must perform weak updates on the abstract state of a summary object, where a weak update accumulates information. Because weak updates accumulate rather than overwrite, the analyzer is only able to determine weak judgements on the abstract state, i.e., that some property possibly holds, and not that it definitely holds. The problem with weak judgements is that determining whether an interleaved execution respects program synchronization requires the ability to determine strong judgements, i.e., that some lock is definitely held, and thus the analyzer needs to be able to perform strong updates—an overwrite of the abstract state—to enable strong judgements. We present the random-isolation abstraction as a new principle for enabling strong updates of special abstract objects. The idea is to associate with a program allocation site two abstract objects, r^\sharp{r^{\sharp}} and o^\sharp{o^{\sharp}} , where r^\sharp{r^{\sharp}} is a non-summary object and o^\sharp{o^{\sharp}} is a summary object. Abstract object r^\sharp{r^{\sharp}} models a distinguished concrete object that is chosen at random in each program execution. Because r^\sharp{r^{\sharp}} is a non-summary object—i.e, it models only one concrete object—strong updates are able to be performed on its abstract state. Because which concrete object r^\sharp{r^{\sharp}} models is chosen randomly, a proof that a safety property holds for r^\sharp{r^{\sharp}} generalizes to all objects modeled by o^\sharp{o^{\sharp}} . We implemented the random isolation abstraction in a tool called Empire, which verifies atomic-set serializability of concurrent Java programs (atomic-set serializability is one notion of multi-location data-race freedom). Random isolation allows Empire to track lock states in ways that would not otherwise have been possible with conventional approaches.