Quantitation of amphetamine,methamphetamine, and their methylenedioxy derivatives in urine by solid-phase microextraction coupled with electrospray ionization-high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry

Amphetamine, methamphetamine, and their methylenedioxy derivatives have been identified and measured in a human urine matrix using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) in combination with electrospray ionization (ESI) and mass spectrometric detection (MS). Limits of detection in human urine between 200 pg/mL and 7.5 ng/mL have been achieved. The use of a simple extraction method, SPME, combined with the high sensitivity and selectivity of ESI-FAIMS-MS eliminates the need for chromatographic separation and allows for very rapid sample processing.     

Efficacy of a tailored tobacco control program on long-term use in a population of U.S. Military troops.

The authors evaluated the effect of a brief tailored smoking control intervention delivered during basic military training on tobacco use in a population of military personnel (N = 33,215). Participants were randomized to either a tobacco use intervention (smoking cessation, smokeless tobacco use cessation, or prevention depending on tobacco use history) or a health education control condition. Results indicated that smokers who received intervention were 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 1.30) times (7-day point prevalence) and 1.23 (95% CI = 1.07, 1.41) times (continuous abstinence) more likely to be abstinent than controls from smoking cigarettes at the 1-year follow-up (p p     

Exemplary efforts in psychology to recruit and retain graduate students of color.

Many psychology departments are striving for a greater representation of students of color within their graduate preparation programs with the aim of producing a more diverse pool of psychological service providers, scientists, and educators. To help improve the minority pipeline in psychology, the authors identify and describe recruitment and retention strategies used at 11 departments and programs considered to be making exemplary efforts to attract and retain minority students of color. The strategies most consistently used included engaging current minority faculty and students in recruitment activities, offering attractive financial aid packages, having faculty members make personal contacts with prospective students, creating linkages with historical institutions of color, having (or approached having) a critical mass of faculty and students of color, offering a diversity issues course, and engaging students in diversity issues research. Despite the similarities, the programs and departments were each distinctive and innovative in their overall approaches to student recruitment and retention. Highlighting the strategies used at successful institutions may help others develop plans for improving the minority pipeline within their own departments and programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

“双重授权”的开源新模式

开源并不是一个新观念。科学界从根本上看就是以这种观念为基础的,他们为了促进科学发展,公开共享最重要的信息。科学进步之所以能达到今天这样的速度,就是因为信息能够在全世界的科学家之间共享,他们共同参与测试、验证和改进工作。科学家们极少从头开始、而是以以前的发现和研究为基础进行新的探索,继续做出改进和完善。如果没有前人的工作,每隔一段时间就出现的那些重大科学突破是不可能发生的。与此相同的模式在软件开发领域也存在。这个领域的“科学家”是软件开发人员,他们的主要工作是利用像Qt这样的工具来开发软件代码。从微波炉到…     

Quality in Web Design for Visually Impaired Users

Visually impaired users require web page interfaces that they can interact with. Providing such interfaces is necessary to serve this community, and is required by government regulation. This paper describes the unique web access requirements of visually impaired users. It reviews surveys of the suitability of web sites for the partially sighted and blind. Most web sites do not meet the requirements of the UK and other governments. In addition, serving the visually impaired is a marketing opportunity for organizations, as there is an ever increasing population with potential sight problems.     

Characteristics of Optical Text Recognition Programs

Characteristics of optical recognition programs are described from the standpoint of typical recognition program modules. Not only quality criteria for the separate character recognition but also parameters of other important stages of document input, such as character boundary segmentation, binarization, page segmentation, and storing results, are discussed in detail. The set of characteristics presented can be used for the optimization of both separate recognition stages and the whole process of document input.     

Double-blind photoarray administration as a safeguard against investigator bias.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 85(2) of Journal of Applied Psychology (see record 2007-17253-001). On page 947, the graphs within Figure 1 were incorrectly labeled. The corrected figure appears in this erratum.] This experiment examined whether a photoarray administrator's knowledge of a suspect's identity increased false identification rates. Fifty participant–administrators (PAs) presented 50 participant–witnesses (PWs) two perpetrator-absent photoarrays following a live staged crime involving two perpetrators. For one photoarray per trial, the experimenter revealed the suspect's identity to the PA. Each PA presented the photoarrays sequentially or simultaneously in the presence or absence of an observer. When the observer was present, PA knowledge of the suspect's identity had a biasing effect in sequential photoarrays only. This pattern did not emerge when the observer was absent. The experimental manipulations did not affect PAs' and PWs' ratings of photoarray fairness or PWs' ratings of pressure to make an identification. These data suggest that only administrators who are blind to the suspect's identity should present sequential photoarrays. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

High-Speed Tools for Global Information Management.II. Specifications and Uses of the Transparent Query Language (TQL) Part IIF. Additional Uses of TQL, Data Structures, Concise Definitions, Conclusions and Acknowledgments

This part, PART IIF [6], concludes the document HIGH-SPEED TOOLS FOR GLOBAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT. II. Specifications and Uses of the Transparent Query Language (TQL) [1–6]. It describes novel applications of TQL, the key data structures, and contains a dictionary of Transparent Query Language terms. PART IIF references PART IIA [1], PART IIB [2], PART IIC [3], PART IID [4], and PART IIE [5] and contains Conclusions and Acknowledgements.     

A social problem-solving model of adherence to HIV medications.

HIV medication adherence remains a challenge and limits the degree to which treatment benefit can be maximized. This study tested an explanatory model of HIV medication adherence using a social problem-solving (SPS) framework. Associations of SPS with adherence are hypothesized to be direct and/or indirect via psychological health. HIV+ adults were interviewed using validated measures of SPS, psychological health, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication adherence. Structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques were used to test hypothesized relationships and to evaluate overall fit of the model to the data. SEM supported an indirect association (but not direct) of SPS on adherence via psychological health among the 545 HIV+ adults included in the analyses. Overall, the findings resulted in a model of adherence that offered very good fit to the data and correctly classified 97% of the cases as adherent versus nonadherent. Results support the use of SPS as a conceptual framework for understanding adherence to ART. Findings offer rationale and direction for SPS interventions to enhance adherence by improving psychological health. Such approaches, if effective, have the potential to positively impact psychological well being and adherence, thereby maximizing clinical benefit from treatment, which is linked to lower mortality from AIDS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Twin similarity in cardiovascular stress response.

Measured blood pressure and heart rate in 12 pairs of identical and 21 pairs of fraternal male twins (aged 54–64 yrs) during a mental arithmetic task and during submersion of the S's left hand in 4°C water for 60 sec. The results suggest that certain measures of cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stressors may be heritable for both physical and psychological stressors. The possible role of this genetic component in the etiology and course of coronary heart disease is discussed. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)