X80钢母材和焊缝在高pH值土壤模拟溶液中的点蚀行为

目前,对管线钢焊缝应力腐蚀行为研究较多,而针对其点蚀行为的研究很少。采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱研究了X80钢母材和焊缝在高pH值土壤模拟溶液(0.50 mol/LNaHCO_3+0.02 mol/LNaCl)中的点蚀行为,通过金相显微镜观察了母材和焊缝的显微组织和极化后的点蚀形貌,借助Mott-Schokkty曲线分析了钝化膜的半导体特性。结果表明:X80钢母材和焊缝在高pH值土壤模拟溶液中都能够发生钝化,但母材的钝化区间范围更宽,击穿电位更高。母材和焊缝表面所成的钝化膜都呈n型半导体特征,但母材表面的钝化膜致密性和均匀性更好,膜电阻和电荷转移电阻更大,钝化膜内的缺陷密度也更低,这是导致母材抗点蚀性能优于焊缝的一个原因。此外,焊缝组织中高含量的贝氏体组织是造成其点蚀性能下降的另一个因素。     

Characterization of Carbonated Beverages Associated to Corrosion of Aluminium Packaging

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the characteristics of commercial soft drinks related with the corrosion process of the aluminium packaging and based on that, propose model solutions for future studies of beverage/package interaction and corrosion process of metal packages. Therefore, the pH, acidity, concentration of chlorides and copper in six types of soft drinks were determined, as well as the corrosion potential of the aluminium and the current density corrosion obtained in polarization curves using the beverages as electrolyte. Based on the results obtained, a solution of citric acid (pH = 3) containing chloride (250 mg/kg) and copper ions (250 µg/kg) is proposed. The obtained results are potentially useful for the industry and future studies regarding the interaction process between soft drinks and aluminium cans. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于情境的产品交互设计思维研究

目的 探讨设计师在情境作用下的系统性思维过程,旨在构建基于情境的产品交互设计思维模型,为设计师如何设计出用户体验较好的产品提供思路。方法 以设计思维作为研究对象,将设计过程置于情境分析中,采用理论框架构建和实验验证的方法,基于“5W1H”方法构建情境组织模型,以分析设计过程中的情境作用。结论 通过实验及分析进一步提出基于情境作用的产品交互设计思维模型,在设计过程具有一定的参考作用,有利于促进设计师开展产品交互设计活动,完善其设计方案,以提升产品的体验感。     

（Y－ZrO_2）－SiCw－Al_2O_3陶瓷复合材料的摩擦磨损

本文对Ａｌ２Ｏ３基陶瓷复合材料Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＣｗ进行了干摩擦磨损试验，并运用了ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ和ＸＲＤ等手段对其显微结构、力学性能及它们与ＧＣｒ１５钢对摩时的摩擦磨损行为进行了系统分析，在此基础上深入探讨了ＳｉＣ晶须（ＳｉＣｗ）增韧补强作用对复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。     

基于有限元分析的可循环拉链邮袋仿真模拟研究

目的 设计质量、强度满足使用的可循环拉链邮袋,代替一次性邮袋,实现绿色发展理念。方法 设计可循环拉链邮袋结构,基于有限元分析模拟拉链邮袋实际应用中真实物理系统。分析拉链邮袋在材质、夹具固定方式、负载3种影响因素下的应力、应变、变形情况,比较仿真结果,确定可循环拉链邮袋材质并验证。结果 不同材质下,涤纶树脂(PET)变形量较小,高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)次之,聚丙烯(PP)变形量较大。不同固定方式下,袋口两短边夹具固定,袋口应力较集中,最大位移和应变较大,袋口四边夹具固定袋口变形较小、应力较小。不同负载下,负载与应力、位移、应变三者变化呈正相关,最大应力、位移、应变出现的位置较为稳定。结论 借助有限元分析模拟拉链邮袋实际应用中受力情况,分析不同材质、夹具固定方式、负载情况下,可循环拉链邮袋力学性能,节省人力、物力,为实际应用提供依据,同时,证明了涤纶树脂(PET)可应用于可循环拉链邮袋的制作,为绿色、环保、可降解、可循环拉链邮袋的制作奠定基础,对限塑、绿色发展有着重要的意义。     

The zwitterion effect in high-conductivity polyelectrolyte materials

The future of lithium metal batteries as a widespread, safe and reliable form of high-energy-density rechargeable battery depends on a significant advancement in the electrolyte material used in these devices. Molecular solvent-based electrolytes have been superceded by polymer electrolytes in some prototype devices, primarily in a drive to overcome leakage and flammability problems, but these often exhibit low ionic conductivity and prohibitively poor lithium-ion transport. To overcome this, it is necessary to encourage dissociation of the lithium ion from the anionic polymer backbone, ideally without the introduction of competing, mobile ionic species. Here we demonstrate the effect of zwitterionic compounds, where the cationic and anionic charges are immobilized on the same molecule, as extremely effective lithium ion 'dissociation enhancers'. The zwitterion produces electrolyte materials with conductivities up to seven times larger than the pure polyelectrolyte gels, a phenomenon that appears to be common to a number of different copolymer and solvent systems.     

Colloidal lithography and Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition process integration to fabricate ZnO nanohole arrays

A complete set up of optimal process conditions for an effective colloidal lithography/catalyst assisted MOCVD process integration is presented. It mainly focuses on the determination of the deposition temperature threshold for ZnO Metal-Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD) as well as the concentration of metal-organic silver (Ag) catalyst. Indeed, the optimization of such process parameters allows to tailor the ZnO film morphology in order to make the colloidal lithography/catalyst assisted MOCVD approach a valuable bottom up method to fabricate bi-dimensional ordered ZnO nanohole arrays.     

Nanoscale Plasmon‐Enhanced Spectroscopy in Memristive Switches

Resistive switching memories are nonvolatile memory cells based on nano‐ionic redox processes and offer prospects for high scalability, ultrafast write and read access, and low power consumption. In two‐terminal cation based devices a nanoscale filament is formed in a switching material by metal ion migration from the anode to the cathode. However, the filament growth and dissolution mechanisms and the dynamics involved are still open questions, restricting device optimization. Here, a spectroscopic technique to optically characterize in situ the resistive switching effect is presented. Resistive switches arranged in a nanoparticle‐on‐mirror geometry are developed, exploiting the high sensitivity to morphological changes occurring in the tightly confined plasmonic hotspot within the switching material. The focus is on electrochemical metallization and the optical signatures detected over many cycles indicate incomplete removal of metal particles from the filament upon RESET and suggest that the filament can nucleate from different positions from cycle to cycle. The technique here is nondestructive and the measurements can be easily performed in tunable ambient conditions and with realistic cell geometries.     

Distinct Tomato Cultivars Are Characterized by a Differential Pattern of Biochemical Responses to Drought Stress

Future climate scenarios suggest that crop plants will experience environmental changes capable of affecting their productivity. Among the most harmful environmental stresses is drought, defined as a total or partial lack of water availability. It is essential to study and understand both the damage caused by drought on crop plants and the mechanisms implemented to tolerate the stress. In this study, we focused on four cultivars of tomato, an economically important crop in the Mediterranean basin. We investigated the biochemical mechanisms of plant defense against drought by focusing on proteins specifically involved in this stress, such as osmotin, dehydrin, and aquaporin, and on proteins involved in the general stress response, such as HSP70 and cyclophilins. Since sugars are also known to act as osmoprotectants in plant cells, proteins involved in sugar metabolism (such as RuBisCO and sucrose synthase) were also analyzed. The results show crucial differences in biochemical behavior among the selected cultivars and highlight that the most tolerant tomato cultivars adopt quite specific biochemical strategies such as different accumulations of aquaporins and osmotins. The data set also suggests that RuBisCO isoforms and aquaporins can be used as markers of tolerance/susceptibility to drought stress and be used to select tomato cultivars within breeding programs.     

Specific Local Predictors That Reflect the Tropism of Endometriosis—A Multiple Immunohistochemistry Technique

Ectopic endometrial epithelium associates a wide spectrum of symptomatology. Their evolution can be influenced by inflammatory and vascular changes, that affect not only the structure and cell proliferation rate, but also symptoms. This prospective study involved tissue samples from surgically treated patients, stained using classical histotechniques and immunohistochemistry. We assessed ectopic endometrial glands (CK7+, CK20−), adjacent blood vessels (CD34+), estrogen/progesterone hormone receptors (ER+, PR+), inflammatory cells (CD3+, CD20+, CD68+, Tryptase+), rate of inflammatory cells (Ki67+) and oncoproteins (BCL2+, PTEN+, p53+) involved in the development of endometriosis/adenomyosis. A CK7+/CK20− expression profile was present in the ectopic epithelium and differentiated it from digestive metastases. ER+/PR+ were present in all cases analyzed. We found an increased vascularity (CD34+) in the areas with abdominal endometriosis and CD3+−:T-lymphocytes, CD20+−:B-lymphocytes, CD68+:macrophages, and Tryptase+: mastocytes were abundant, especially in cases with adenomyosis as a marker of proinflammatory microenvironment. In addition, we found a significantly higher division index-(Ki67+) in the areas with adenomyosis, and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes-p53+ in areas with neoplastic changes. The inflammatory/vascular/hormonal mechanisms trigger endometriosis progression and neoplastic changes increasing local pain. Furthermore, they may represent future therapeutic targets. Simultaneous-multiple immunohistochemical labelling represents a valuable technique for rapidly detecting cellular features that facilitate comparative analysis of the studied predictors.