Dairy nutrients and their effect on inflammatory profile in molecular studies

Dairy products contain milk fat, proteins, minerals, vitamin D, and other bioactive nutrients that have the potential to contribute to the association observed between increased dairy intake and a decreased risk of inflammation. The objective of this paper is to review the role of dairy bioactive molecules including dairy fat, proteins, micronutrients, and vitamins on inflammation markers in adipose, macrophage, and vascular tissues, which play a key role in the regulation of inflammation. A review was conducted to identify current scientific literature on dairy nutrients and inflammation in cell studies published until November 2014. The majority of saturated fatty acids (FAs) activate proinflammatory markers. Therefore, other dairy FAs or components may offset these harmful effects. Protein and amino acid composition of dairy products may have anti‐inflammatory action. Magnesium may have beneficial effects on inflammatory profile; on the contrary, studies on vitamin D demonstrate conflicting results. In conclusion, numerous studies assessed the effects of individual or mixtures of FAs on inflammatory markers; yet, there is far less research on the effects of other dairy bioactive nutrients. The exact bioactive molecule or combination of these molecules in dairy products, which underlies the inverse association between dairy intake and inflammation remains to be elucidated.     

甲壳质清洁生产中酸性蛋白酶脱蛋白的研究

甲壳质开发应用领域异常广阔,国内外需求量大。我国目前多采用化学法,即酸碱法来生产虾壳甲壳质,生产中产生大量难以处理的污染物。用宇佐美曲霉酸性蛋白酶脱蛋白来生产甲壳质基本上不产生污染,水洗废液还可以进行回收利用。采用宇佐美曲霉酸性蛋白酶进行了甲壳质清洁生产中脱蛋白的研究,比较了温度、加酶量和pH等因素对脱蛋白的影响。结果表明:当温度为40℃、加酶量为0.4%、pH3.0时,脱蛋白率达到60%,蛋白与虾壳可以完全分离。     

Removal of organochlorines from vegetable oils and its benefits in preventing formation of monochloropropanediol diesters

This paper reports the first results on depleting certain organochlorines from vegetable oils without the use of any solvent in order to mitigate monochloropropanediol diesters (MCDPE). The concept is based on separating the organochlorines from the bulk oil by using trapping agents (e.g. monoacylglycerols) that can be easily separated from the oil. The process starts by mixing and homogenizing crude vegetable oils with the trapping agent and subsequently separating the trapping agent from the oil bulk via crystallization. The proof-of-concept of the approach is demonstrated on a spiked sunflower model system, solvent extracted crude sunflower oil, industrially produced crude soybean and corn oils. The depletion of organochlorines in the crude oils and its beneficial effect on the MCPDE content in the heat treated samples is measured by LC-MS. The depletion efficacy of the monitored organochlorines was estimated to be in the 60–95 % range. Both the melting point and polarity of the trapping agents affected the depletion efficacy of the organochlorines. Trapping agents with higher melting point and polarity, such as monostearin were more effective in comparison to high melting point but less polar agents such as palm stearin or agents rich in polar but low melting point monolinolein/monoolein. The effect of organochlorine depletion on the subsequent MPCDE levels in heat treated oil was in the range of 60–90 % reduction depending on the type of the studied oil.     

济阳拗陷桩海地区下古生界深埋藏溶蚀特征及储集意义

 通过桩海地区下古生界的岩心描述和镜下观察，探讨了埋藏溶蚀作用的特征，建立了埋藏溶蚀作用的识别标志。碳酸盐岩溶洞中有机和无机气液两相包体共生普遍，并与全烃包体伴生，发黄绿色荧光。包裹体均一温度主要为90℃～150℃，具有“双峰”分布特征。δ13C值为-2.2～-3.5； δ18O值为-17.4～-13.2，与加里东期裂缝和印支期裂缝充填物的同位素值相比，埋藏期溶洞充填物碳同位素值具有明显向高值迁移、氧同位素具有向低值迁移的特征。包裹体均一温度和稳定同位素数据支持埋藏溶蚀作用的存在。文中还对研究区桩古10井下古生界储集空间发育特征进行了分析，认为桩古10井残留的马家沟组灰岩受后期埋藏溶蚀作用显著，各种次生的溶蚀洞、扩容缝和溶孔为主要储集空间，储集空间类型为复合型。复合型孔隙的形成主要是孤北洼陷巨厚的第三系沉积物压释水沿边界断层向高部位的桩西潜山运移，作用于桩古10井区的下古生界，在埋藏条件下产生溶蚀而形成。     

REEXAMINATION OF THE ROLE OF VERTICAL CIRCULATION IN SEDIMENTATION IN THE YELLOW AND EAST CHINA SEAS

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｔｈｒｅｅｂｉｇｒｉｖｅｒｓｔｈｅＹｅｌｌｏｗ ,ＹａｎｇｔｚｅａｎｄＰｅａｒｌｒｕｎｎｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｉｎａｔｏＣｈｉｎａＳｅａｓ.ＴｈｅＹｅｌｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒｅｍｐｔｉｅｓｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｔｏｔｈｅＢｏｈａｉＳｅａｗｉｔｈａｎａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆ 0 .7× 1 0 9ｔｏｎｓｐｅｒｙｅａｒ (Ｈｕｅｔａｌ.1 998ａｎｄＰａｎｇｅｔａｌ.1 999)ｗｉｔｈａｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｎｎｕａｌｍｅａｎｏｆ 1× 1 0 9ｔｏｎｓ (Ｘｉｅｅｔａｌ.1 980 ;Ｍｉｌ…     

NON-ZONAL BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY IN THE NORTH PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL COUNTERCURRENT

1 .　INTRODUCTIONSincethe 196 0sthesubtropicalcountercurrent(STCC)overthePacifichasbeenfoundtobeaneastwardcurrentexistingintheregion (14 0°E 170°W ,19°N 2 8°N) ,whichcontradictswiththeSver druptransporttheory (YoshidaandKidokoro196 7) ,ithasbecomeanimportanttopicinthephysicaloceanography (Cushman Roison 1984 ;Kubokawa 1997) .AokiandImawaki (1996 )andQiu (1999)foundthatintheSTCCregion ,theed dykineticenergyishigheroverthewesternsidethanovertheeasternside .Qiu (1999)discussedthe…     

Reduced frictional resistance of polyurethane catheter by means of a surface coating procedure

Polyurethane and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)-coated polyurethane catheter surfaces were characterized by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and were compared in terms of wettability and adhesion and friction properties by scanning force microscopy (SFM). Using TOF-SIMS, the presence of hard segments in the first layers of the polyurethane catheter were shown, and the presence of a PVP coating on the modified catheters was clearly identified. The PVP coating induced a hydrophilic surface after immersion of the catheters in water for several hours. When SFM experiments were carried out in water, the adhesive force developed between the PVP-coated surface and the tip became immeasurably small. Tribometric measurements along a 500-nm scan line quantified friction coefficients of 0.05 for the coated catheter and 0.50 for the native polyurethane catheter. The PVP coating on catheters provided smooth, soft, and nonadhesive surface properties, which would minimize difficulties during their insertion into the vessels of the patient. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

射流管电液伺服阀专题讲座

第四章伺服比例阀的发展 1 伺服阀与比例阀简介 电液伺服阀是在二战期间由于飞行器等军事装备对控制系统快速性动态精度的更高要求而发展起来的,并在战后逐渐用于民用和工业设备.它是一种接受模拟量电控制信号,输出随电控信号大小和极性变化、且快速响应的模拟量流量和(或)压力的液压控制阀.根据其液压放大器的不同,主要分为喷嘴挡板式伺服阀和射流管式伺服阀[1].电液伺服阀具有体积小、功率放大率高、直线性好、响应速度快、运动平稳可靠、能适应模拟量和数字量调节等优点,在各种电液伺服系统中得到特别的重视.     

南秦岭中段亚碱性-碱性岩板块构造环境及岩浆演化

从地质特征及室内各种测试入手,对比国外典型地区同类岩石成分特征,运用多种分析方法,对南秦岭中段广泛分布的亚碱性-碱性岩进行深入研究,确定了岩石形成的构造背景、成岩时代,并对岩石多样性原因与演化机理进行了探讨。岩石产于大陆板内张性深大断裂环境,橄榄拉斑玄武岩浆为本区的原始岩浆。     

The influence of lung volume during imaging on CFD within realistic airway models

In this article, we address a fundamental question regarding computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling within lung airways: does the inhaled volume during imaging have a significant effect on CFD computations of aerosol deposition? High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images taken at mean lung volume (MLV) and at total lung capacity (TLC) obtained as part of a previous study of ventilation and aerosol deposition using positron emission tomography (PET) in challenged asthmatics were utilized to construct two airway models for each subject, and the differences in CFD calculated deposition metrics were subsequently quantified. These models included all the airway generations that could be rendered from the HRCT images. CFD calculations for three inhalation flow rates and four monodisperse aerosol sizes used images at MLV and at TLC from 24 volunteer subjects. Both large scale and detailed measures of particle deposition distribution were used in the analysis. The influence of lung volume during imaging is to increase airway dimensions in realistic models and thus reduce flow velocity and deposition due to impaction in the upper airways as calculated by CFD. However, large-scale deposition measures are confounded when the TLC models include deeper generations in the lung that increase the total airway deposition. These trends are modulated by the flow and particle characteristics of the aerosol, making consistent quantifiable differences between MLV and TLC difficult to predict unless both models consider the same anatomical airways.

© 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research