A comparison of publicly delivered and anonymously delivered verbal feedback in brief personal growth groups.

96 undergraduates, divided into 12 groups, first engaged in self-disclosure and consensus exercises and then were required to exchange personal feedback that was behavioral, emotional, or both. The feedback was either positive or negative in nature and was delivered either publicly or anonymously. Positive feedback was rated as more credible, and it produced greater cohesiveness. Positive behavioral feedback was best delivered publicly with, or anonymously without, the addition of emotional feedback. The credibility of negative behavioral feedback, as well as the cohesion of the group, suffered from the disclosure of negative emotional reactions. Groups receiving only behavioral feedback reported the most gain from the experience. Implications for psychotherapy and encounter groups are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the demise of comparative psychology.

Argues that the entire area of comparative psychology has been questioned by R. B. Lockard (see record 1971-24449-001) following an earlier questioning by R. B. Lockard (see record 1969-06149-001) of the use of rats in psychology. The author protests handing this area of behavioral analysis over to biology, leaving the role of planning statistical manipulation to psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Recognition memory development in two- to four-year-olds.

Tested 32 preschool children on 2 36-item recognition lists. 8 boys and 8 girls were in each of 2 age groups; mean ages of the 2 groups were 4 yrs and 2 yrs 11 mo. No sex differences were observed. The younger Ss responded correctly 81% of the time, and the older Ss 92% of the time. A signal detection analysis revealed that this developmental difference was due to retention components, not decision components. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Precise Material Properties as a Prerequisite for FE‐Analysis of the Hydroforming of Tailored Welded Blanks

Tailored welded blanks are already used in the series production of deep drawn parts, and are now considered also for other forming technologies, like for example hydroforming. As new materials come into the market, also their combinations in the production of new tailored welded blanks increase, improving on the one hand the possibilities of matching material and functional requirements, but making the material characterisation more difficult on the other hand. For this reason new methods for a fast, precise and flexible characterisation of the mechanical and tribological properties of tailored welded blanks are needed. In particular the FE‐analysis, a powerful instrument for the definition and optimisation of forming processes, needs precise and reproducible material data in order to deliver accurate results. Therefore, when working with tailored welded blanks, it is crucial that the weld line is modelled using mechanical and tribological properties which refer to its structure and surface. This work summarises the methods used for the characterisation of the mechanical properties of the weld line at the chair of manufacturing technology in Erlangen and presents the results obtained for four different steel grades (FeP04, ZStE340, DP450 and TRIP800) and the tailored welded blanks obtained by their combinations. The accuracy of the results obtained in tensile and in friction tests were verified in simple experiments by comparing results from the tests with results from the finite element analysis. These were seen to be in very good accordance, confirming the accuracy of methods used in the material characterisation.     

Toward setting public health guidelines for chemicals in indoor settled dust?

Indoor settled dust may result in substantial human exposure to chemicals, especially by ingestion following hand-to-mouth or hand-to-object-to-mouth contact. As with other environmental media related to exposure, dust may thus be subject to regulation. An international scientific workshop was convened in Paris in September 2019 firstly to assess the relevance for public health of setting guidelines for indoor settled dust, and secondly to discuss scientific and technical challenges related to such guidelines. The main discussions and conclusions, with consensus achieved, are reported herein. Discussions concerned general considerations, objectives and definitions, relevance for a health-based guideline, units of measure, and finally derivation of the guideline. These points should be addressed when considering an indoor settled dust guideline as part of a policy to reduce exposure indoors to a given chemical or group of chemicals.     

Inward Translocation of the Phospholipid Analogue Miltefosine across Caco-2 Cell Membranes Exhibits Characteristics of a Carrier-mediated Process

Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine, HePC) is the first effective oral agent for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. The characteristics of HePC incorporation into the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 were investigated in order to understand its oral absorption mechanism. The results provide evidence for the involvement of a carrier-mediated mechanism, since the association of HePC at the apical pole of Caco-2 cells was (1) saturable as a function of time with a rapid initial incorporation over 5 min followed by a more gradual increase; (2) saturable as a function of concentration over the range studied (2–200 μM) with a saturable component which followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics (apparent K _m 15.7 μmol/L, V _max 39.2 nmol/mg protein/h) and a nonspecific diffusion component; (3) partially inhibited by low temperature and ATP depletion, indicating the temperature and energy-dependence of the uptake process. Moreover, we demonstrated, by an albumin back-extraction method, that HePC is internalized via translocation from the outer to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and that HePC may preferentially diffuse through intact raft microdomains. In conclusion, our results suggest that incorporation of HePC at the apical membrane of Caco-2 cells may occur through a passive diffusion followed by a translocation in the inner membrane leaflet through an active carrier-mediated mechanism.     

Contribution of acoustic emission to the understanding of sulfide stress cracking of low alloy steels

The acoustic emission technique was applied to standard tests devoted to evaluate sulfide stress cracking susceptibility of steels for oil and gas industry. The mapping of the density of AE signals vs. their location on the specimen gauge length as a function of time allowed early detection of cracking, and gave meaningful information on incubation times and propagation rates. Sulfide stress cracking initiation was correlated with the presence of critical surface defects. A mechanism involving plastic strain and/or metal dissolution was proposed to account for crack propagation.     

Cooperative WebLab in chemical engineering between France and Brazil: Validation of the methodology

A WebLab is an experiment operated remotely via Internet. Besides the strictly technical aspects of such an experiment, which may contribute to the learning of Chemical Engineering fundamentals, there is also important feedback when teams of students of two different countries are working together: the WebLab becomes an intercultural experience, enhancing the communication skills of the students. A WebLab between Universidade Federal de São Carlos (DEQ/UFSCar) and the Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs en Arts Chimiques et Technologiques (ENSIACET) is presented in this work. A mass transfer experiment in a bench scale reactor (stirred and aerated) had to be studied by mixed teams, thus emulating challenges that will be common in future working environments. In order to perform the experiment, students in Brazil and in France were put into groups. The students had to make decisions about the procedure for executing the experiments. All the students were able to control the equipment, no matter where they were physically. Students communicated using video conference software. The students’ and teachers’ opinions of this experience were very positive. This methodology is an important contribution to the education of engineers in a world integrated by modern communication technologies.     

Spinel Castables for Steel Ladle Lining:In-Situ Versus Preformed

The paper discusses the difference in the formulation concepts of alumina-spinel (spinel containing) and alumina-magnesia (spinel forming) castables and the influence on their physical properties. The individual property profile is discussed with respect to the requirements of refractory lining materials for the different zones of a steel ladle.