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81.
Marcin Pisarek Maria Janik-Czachor Tomasz Płociński Mariusz Łukaszewski 《Journal of Materials Science》2009,44(21):5701-5712
Rapidly quenched amorphous alloys—containing metallic or metalloid elements—are precursors for selective catalysts of many
technically important reactions. To increase their activity, various methods of material degradation occurring at the surface
and in the bulk of the rapidly quenched alloys have been used for promoting the catalytic performance of such materials. The
modifications of the structure, composition, and morphology of the substrate proved to be efficient in transforming inactive
metal alloy precursors into active and selective catalysts for hydrogenation, and dehydrogenation of organic compounds, as
well as for other processes like steam reforming of methanol. This article presents several examples of characterization of
such catalysts and discusses their selectivity and activity in a connection with physical and chemical properties of their
surfaces. Moreover, it is shown that scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, scanning Auger microscopy,
and energy dispersive spectrometry allowed the local changes occurring during the activation process to be identified and
their implications for catalytic function to be considered. 相似文献
82.
S. M. Alessi, J. M. Roll, M. P. Reilly, and C.-E. Johanson's (see record 2002-12827-002) conclusions seemed to the author to unnecessarily state the obvious that the determinants of drug effects and self-administration are not reducible to events within the body. On reflection, however, the author realized that this conclusion is not obvious to many individuals in the broader scientific, professional, and political environment that surrounds the behavioral pharmacology scientific community. Educating these individuals about the concepts, methods, data, and applied implications of behavioral pharmacology is of paramount importance, and one way to do this is to continue to state the obvious. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
83.
The inverse problem of electrocardiography is solved in order to reconstruct electrical events within the heart from information measured noninvasively on the body surface. These electrical events can be deduced from measured epicardial potentials; therefore, a noninvasive method of recovering epicardial potentials from body surface data is useful in clinical and experimental work. The ill-posed nature of this problem necessitates the use of regularization in the solution procedure. Inversion using Tikhonov zero-order regularization, a quasi-static method, had been employed previously and was able to reconstruct, with relatively good accuracy, important events in cardiac excitation (maxima, minima, etc.). Taking advantage of the fact that the process of cardiac excitation is continuous in time, one can incorporate information from the time progression of excitation in the regularization procedure using the Twomey technique. Methods of this type were tested on data obtained from a human-torso tank in which a beating canine heart was placed in the correct human anatomical position. The results show a marked improvement in the inverse solution when these temporal methods are used, and demonstrate that important physiological events (e.g., right ventricular breakthrough) not detected by the quasi-static approach, are reconstructed using these methods. In addition, the results indicate that as the time interval between sampled maps is reduced, the quality of the solutions that use this temporal regularization is greatly improved. 相似文献
84.
85.
The aim of this study was to apply an edible coating containing prebiotics such as oligofructose and inulin to fresh-cut apple wedges. An assessment of the quality, sensory, polyphenol, and volatile attributes of coated and uncoated fresh-cut apple wedges was also undertaken. Fructan analysis showed that all prebiotics remained stable over the 14-d storage period and an intake of 100 g of apple supplies 1 to 3 g of prebiotics. Browning index, firmness, acidity remained stable throughout the 14 d compared to the control while applying prebiotic coatings resulted in an increase in soluble solids. Sensory and visual assessment indicated acceptable quality of apple wedges coated with prebiotics. HPLC analysis showed that levels of polyphenolic compounds were more stable in coated apple wedges (without prebiotic inclusions) than in uncoated control apples. No difference was found between O(2) and CO(2) headspace concentration of coated and uncoated samples. Significant differences (P < 0.001) were found for headspace volatile production between the samples. Most coated samples showed lower volatile production in the headspace than uncoated samples. 相似文献
86.
87.
Sergey O. Bachurin Elena F. Shevtsova Galina F. Makhaeva Alexey Yu. Aksinenko Vladimir V. Grigoriev Tatiana V. Goreva Tatiana A. Epishina Nadezhda V. Kovaleva Natalia P. Boltneva Sofya V. Lushchekina Elena V. Rudakova Darya V. Vinogradova Pavel N. Shevtsov Elena A. Pushkareva Ludmila G. Dubova Tatiana P. Serkova Ivan M. Veselov Vladimir P. Fisenko Rudy J. Richardson 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(22)
The development of multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) would provide effective therapy of neurodegenerative diseases (ND) with complex and nonclear pathogenesis. A promising method to create such potential drugs is combining neuroactive pharmacophoric groups acting on different biotargets involved in the pathogenesis of ND. We developed a synthetic algorithm for the conjugation of indole derivatives and methylene blue (MB), which are pharmacophoric ligands that act on the key stages of pathogenesis. We synthesized hybrid structures and performed a comprehensive screening for a specific set of biotargets participating in the pathogenesis of ND (i.e., cholinesterases, NMDA receptor, mitochondria, and microtubules assembly). The results of the screening study enabled us to find two lead compounds (4h and 4i) which effectively inhibited cholinesterases and bound to the AChE PAS, possessed antioxidant activity, and stimulated the assembly of microtubules. One of them (4i) exhibited activity as a ligand for the ifenprodil-specific site of the NMDA receptor. In addition, this lead compound was able to bypass the inhibition of complex I and prevent calcium-induced mitochondrial depolarization, suggesting a neuroprotective property that was confirmed using a cellular calcium overload model of neurodegeneration. Thus, these new MB-cycloalkaneindole conjugates constitute a promising class of compounds for the development of multitarget neuroprotective drugs which simultaneously act on several targets, thereby providing cognitive stimulating, neuroprotective, and disease-modifying effects. 相似文献
88.
Julita Gumna Maciej Antczak Ryszard W. Adamiak Janusz M. Bujnicki Shi-Jie Chen Feng Ding Pritha Ghosh Jun Li Sunandan Mukherjee Chandran Nithin Katarzyna Pachulska-Wieczorek Almudena Ponce-Salvatierra Mariusz Popenda Joanna Sarzynska Tomasz Wirecki Dong Zhang Sicheng Zhang Tomasz Zok Eric Westhof Zhichao Miao Marta Szachniuk Agnieszka Rybarczyk 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(17)
RNA is a unique biomolecule that is involved in a variety of fundamental biological functions, all of which depend solely on its structure and dynamics. Since the experimental determination of crystal RNA structures is laborious, computational 3D structure prediction methods are experiencing an ongoing and thriving development. Such methods can lead to many models; thus, it is necessary to build comparisons and extract common structural motifs for further medical or biological studies. Here, we introduce a computational pipeline dedicated to reference-free high-throughput comparative analysis of 3D RNA structures. We show its application in the RNA-Puzzles challenge, in which five participating groups attempted to predict the three-dimensional structures of 5- and 3-untranslated regions (UTRs) of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. We report the results of this puzzle and discuss the structural motifs obtained from the analysis. All simulated models and tools incorporated into the pipeline are open to scientific and academic use. 相似文献
89.
We describe a formal language/notation for DNA molecules that may contain nicks and gaps. The elements of the language, DNA
expressions, denote formal DNA molecules. Different DNA expressions may denote the same formal DNA molecule. We analyse the
shortest DNA expressions denoting a given formal DNA molecule. We determine lower bounds on their lengths and explain how
we construct these minimal DNA expressions. 相似文献
90.
Mariusz Nieniewski 《IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics》2004,34(1):796-801
This paper presents a new method for extraction of diffuse objects from images, which was developed for segmentation of solar images obtained from extreme-UV imaging telescope (EIT) experiments of the satellite SOHO mission. As a particular type of objects to be extracted coronal holes in EIT images have been chosen. The method described is based on the use of a watershed algorithm. The result of the watershed segmentation is a partition of the whole domain of the image into a large number of small regions. These regions are then combined in a region merging process. The proposed region merging algorithm iteratively adds the darkest regions and maximizes the average contrast between a current mask and a set of its neighboring regions. We show that the maximization of the average contrast gives segmentation results that are visually acceptable. Furthermore, this approach allows us to conduct the segmentation of EIT images independently of any explicit fine-tuning parameters. The proposed method was extensively tested on EIT images obtained at various times and various levels of solar activity, and we will show that it can be used independently of the local brightness level and the extent of coronal holes. 相似文献