Gravitational search algorithm–optimized neural misuse detector with selected features by fuzzy grids–based association rules mining

Feature selection is one of the most important techniques for data preprocessing in classification problems. In this paper, fuzzy grids–based association rules mining, as an effective data mining technique, is used for feature selection in misuse detection application in computer networks. The main idea of this algorithm is to find the relationships between items in large datasets so that it detects correlations between inputs of the system and then eliminates the redundant inputs. To classify the attacks, a fuzzy ARTMAP neural network is employed whose training parameters are optimized by gravitational search algorithm. The performance of the proposed system is compared with some other machine learning methods in the same application. Experimental results show that the proposed system, when choosing optimum “feature subset size-adjustment” parameter, performs better in terms of detection rate, false alarm rate, and cost per example in classification problems. In addition, employing the reduced-size feature set results in more than 8.4 percent reduction in computational complexity.     

A computer-aided diagnosis system for malignant melanomas

The aim of this study is to provide an efficient way to segment the malignant melanoma images. This method first eliminates extra hair and scales using edge detection; afterward, it deduces a color image into an intensity image and approximately segments the image by intensity thresholding. Some morphological operations are used to focus on an image area where a melanoma boundary potentially exists and then used to localize the boundary in that area. The distributions of texture and a new feature known as AIBQ features in the next step provide a good discrimination of skin lesions to feature extraction. Finally, we rely on quantitative image analysis to measure a series of candidate attributes hoped to contain enough information to differentiate malignant from benign melanomas. The selected features are applied to a support vector machine to classify the melanomas as malignant or benign. By our approach, we obtained 95 % correct classification of malignant or benign melanoma on real melanoma images.     

Feature extraction using median–mean and feature line embedding

In this article, we propose a feature extraction method based on median–mean and feature line embedding (MMFLE) for the classification of hyperspectral images. In MMFLE, we maximize the class separability using discriminant analysis. Moreover, we remove the negative effect of outliers on the class mean using the median–mean line (MML) measurement and virtually enlarge the training set using the feature line (FL) distance metric. The experimental results on Indian Pines and University of Pavia data sets show the better performance of MMFLE compared to nearest feature line embedding (NFLE), median–mean line discriminant analysis (MMLDA), and some other feature extraction approaches in terms of classification accuracy using a small training set.     

University-based graduate training of community agency workers: A pilot collaboration project.

The 1996 Welfare to Work Mandate has had a significant impact on the lives of families that use public assistance. What role can university counseling and psychology training programs play in the facilitation of this mandate that is intended to return welfare recipients to work? The Welfare Reform Act is discussed in relation to an innovative program that provides graduate-level training for bachelor's-level social service workers to meet the challenges of new service-delivery mandates. Relevance of this collaborative effort to professional psychology is explored, and implications for training master's-level graduate students are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of surface properties of different food contact materials on the efficiency of quaternary ammonium compounds residue recovery and persistence

Residues of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) remaining after sanitising were evaluated for a number of materials used in food plants. The residues were collected by swabs and measured using a spectrophotometric method. Surface topography and energy affected the QACs recovery. Highest percentage of QACs recovery was achieved for the tile material (102.2%) which had the most hydrophilic properties and least irregularities in surface topology, followed by stainless steel (82.1%). Meanwhile, the lowest recovery occurred in PVC (42.1%) and resin (44.3%) that exhibited hydrophobic characteristics and abrupt changes in height profile in a given surface area. Monitoring of QACs residues deposited on the surfaces after 7 days showed that the recovery of QACs in PVC and resin reduced significantly (P < 0.05), supposing that QACs might be degraded or interacted with the materials. However, no significant changes in residue recovery were observed for tiles and stainless steel surfaces after 7 days.     

Facile synthesis and characterization of CdTiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> nanoparticles by Pechini sol–gel method

In this work, CdTiO₃ nanoparticles were synthesized through reaction between Cd(CH₃COO)₂.2H₂O, Ti(OC₄H₉)₄, trimesic acid as a new chelating agent and ethanol as solvent by Pechini sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that CdTiO₃ nanostructures have rhombohedral structure with diameter of about 35.61 nm. The structure, morphology and size of CdTiO₃ nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EDAX. The optical properties of the products were studied by DRS. Based on the results of experiments, it was found that temperature and time of calcination, pH and the solvent of reaction are important parameters for formation of CdTiO₃ nanoparticles. Utilizing trimesic acid (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid) as a new chelating agent for preparation of CdTiO₃ nanostructures was initiative of this work.     

Feed-reflector design for large adaptive reflector antenna (LAR)

A novel feed-reflector system for large Cassegrain antennas of radio astronomy and deep-space communication applications is investigated. This feed-reflector is used to illuminate a hyperboloid subreflector with a 5-10 m diameter located 500 m above the ground. Because the subreflector is located in the near field of the feed-reflector antenna, a theory based on the near field focusing properties of paraboloid reflectors is established. The focusing at near distance is formed by moving the feed horn away from the focal point of the feed-reflector. In this theory, the properties of axial defocused paraboloid reflectors at near distance are investigated in more detail. By using equivalence path law, the subreflector shape is obtained. It is found that the hyperbola can approximate the subreflector well. A detailed ray tracing is performed on the entire system which reveals that the feed system uses some part of the subreflector three times. The gain, side lobe level, cross polarization, and aperture distribution are calculated for different feed horn locations and taper at the edge of the feed-reflector and also for different sizes and eccentricities of the subreflector. Peak efficiency in excess of 74.8% and side lobe level around -20 dB are obtained for an unshaped system. The performance of the system over the operating band (1-22 GHz) is also studied and shown that the lower-frequency limit is dependent on subreflector and feed-reflector sizes     

Oxidation of alcohols with tert-butylhydroperoxide catalyzed by Mn (II) complexes immobilized in the pore channels of mesoporous hexagonal molecular sieves (HMS)

The oxidation of alcohols with tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP), in the presence of Mn²⁺ complexes immobilized in the pore channels of mesoporous hexagonal molecular sieves (HMS), were investigated. It was found that immobilized [Mn(bpy)₂]²⁺/HMS is an efficient catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, n-hexanol and cyclohexanol. The effects of reaction time, amount of Mn²⁺ in the catalyst, type of substrates and oxidants in this catalysis system were investigated. At optimum conditions, TBHP is more efficient oxidant with respect to H₂O₂. Following order has been observed for the percentage of conversions of alcohols: benzylic >1° >2°.