Strengthening of steel by the method of spraying oxide particles into molten steel stream

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - A new technique, Spray-Dispersion Method, which produces a steel containing homogeneously dispersed fine oxide particles sprayed from outside into the...     

Probability evaluation of low-voltage distribution equipment lightning failures due to AC arc

To construct low-voltage power distribution systems, it is important to have correct information on the probability of failures by lightning to meet the requirement for high reliability of these systems. The burn-out of low-voltage distribution equipment is triggered by flashover due to lightning overvoltage followed by the arc discharge current at the commercial frequency voltage. The arc characteristics were investigated by superimposing the lightning impulse voltage across terminals of the low-voltage distribution equipment connected to the commercial frequency power supply to reproduce these events on an experimental basis. As a result, it was found that the arc characteristics were affected by a number of factors. The probability of flashover occurrence on low-voltage distribution equipment is determined based on the frequency distribution data of lightning overvoltage occurrence obtained by monitoring the surge counters on actual distribution lines. Then the probability distribution of arc currents is established by application of the forementioned experimental equation on arc characteristics. Finally, the method for evaluating damages by lightning to low-voltage distribution equipment on actual lines was investigated with the frequency of lightning strokes and the configuration of low-voltage distribution systems taken into consideration.     

Low‐noise blue light generation of intracavity frequency‐doubled LD‐pumped Cr:LiSAF laser by single‐mode method

We have demonstrated the production of low‐noise blue SHG (Second Harmonic Generation) light by single‐mode oscillation in an intracavity frequency‐doubled laser diode (LD)‐pumped Cr‐doped LiSrAlF₆ (Cr:LiSAF) solid‐state laser. The SHG crystal was LiB₃O₅ (LBO). A birefringent filter and an etalon plate were used for the single‐mode Cr:LiSAF laser oscillation wave. A maximum blue SHG output power of 32 mW was obtained by using a 1‐mm‐thick birefringent filter and an etalon plate 200 μm thick with 20% reflectivity. The oscillation wavelength varied by 0.24 pm/hPa in response to changes in atmospheric pressure. A long‐term stability of 300 hours was obtained with the cavity enclosed in a barostat. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(1): 49–55, 2002     

Polymer-immobilized manganese(III)-Schiff base complexes for catalytic epoxidation of olefins

Polymer-linked manganese(III)-salen-type Schiff base complexes were prepared by the copolymerization of functionalized Schiff base, styrene, and divinylbenzene at various mixing ratios (1:10:0–1:12:4), followed by introduction of Mn(III) ion. The materials catalyzed epoxidation of cyclohexene with iodosylbenzene in CH₂Cl₂ as rapidly as the monomer complexes. The maximum total turnover reached 170, which is about 13 times higher than that of the monomer. The lifetime of polymer catalysts is discussed in terms of cross-linking and solvent effects.     

Partial characterization of HCl heat extracted antigen derived from Fusobacterium necrophorum

The HCl heat extracted antigen derived from Fusobacterium necrophorum was partially purified by CM cellulose column chromatography and treatment by freeze-thawing. It demonstrated relatively high enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay values to anti-F. necrophorum sera. In sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the partially purified preparation exhibited one definite and two faint bands. The approximate molecular weight of the former was estimated as 16 kD.     

Mechanism of Misalignment Failure of Liquid-Crystal Display Cells

Misalignment properties and the misalignment generation mechanism due to voltage stress in liquid crystal display cells which use Schiff base-type liquid crystal were studied. Patterns of misalignment have many different modes, depending on the applied voltage. Based on the results of voltage-stress life tests and dismantling inspections of misaligned cells, we found that misalignment is due to the electrochemical deposition on the electrode surface of compounds formed of hydrolized components of the liquid crystal and inorganic impurity ions that have become mixed in during manufacturing, regardless of the visual patterns of misalignment.