Decorrelating compensation scheme for coefficient errors of a filter bank parallel A/D converter

In this letter, a parallel analog-digital (A/D) conversion scheme with a filter bank for low intermediate-frequency receivers is presented. The analysis filters of the filter bank divide the frequency components of the received signal, and achieve parallel A/D conversion. Therefore, the required conversion rates and the resolution of the A/D converters can be reduced and the receiver can demodulate wideband signals. As the analysis filters consist of analog components, their coefficients include errors. These errors cause mutual interference between signals in orthogonal frequencies. In order to remove this interference, a decorrelating compensation scheme is proposed.     

Relationships between the characteristics of petroleum feedstocks and the graphitizability of the petroleum cokes

To clarify relationships between characteristics of raw materials and physical properties of derived petroleum cokes, studies are made of the carbonization of petroleum fractions and the graphitization of cokes made by pyrolysis in an autoclave under constant pressures. The coke derived from the saturate fraction which has a low aromaticity had a needle coke structure. The fluidity of carbonization processes is important in controlling the microscopic texture of coke. A relationship was obtained between the chemical structural parameters of the fractions and X-ray peak intensity of the graphitized cokes derived therefrom. It was shown that coke quality had a bearing on the number of condensed aromatic rings and the substituted side chain groups of the raw materials.     

Aromaticity of coal extract by 1H and 13C pulsed n.m.r. methods

High-resolution gated decoupling ¹³C spectra of soluble materials such as coal extracts have been analysed to evaluate the carbon aromaticity (f_a). A correlation was found between f_a and the reciprocal of the square of the shorter component in spin—spin relaxation time (T₂), which was obtained by pulsed ¹H n.m.r. in the solid state at low temperature. Values of carbon aromaticity for several coals as received were estimated by using the above correlation and compared with those by van Krevelen's densimetric method.     

Fault diagnosis technology based on transistor behavior analysis for physical analysis

The novel method has been developed to detect accuracy fault elements in transistor level circuit, analyzing the characteristics of circuit operation influenced on leakage fault and being combined with diagnosis software, based on switching level simulation. This method is based on behavior of CMOS transistor to which applied unstable voltage produced by leakage fault. Unsettled logic brings the transistor’s operation point to saturation area with multi-impedance value and forms penetration current nets passing through it. Output value on the net is calculated with each element impedance value and miss-logic signal is spread to output terminal. An evaluation of this technology corroborates to be precise method by using the circuit in which embedded arbitrary fault portions.     

An analysis of the performance of a handset diversity antennainfluenced by head, hand, and shoulder effects at 900 MHz .I. Effectivegain characteristics

A diversity antenna for portable telephones, which Is composed of a whip antenna and a planar inverted F-antenna (PIFA) operating at 900 MHz, has been analyzed. The analysis includes the electromagnetic effects of a human operator. Wire-grid analysis yielded the radiation efficiency, mean effective gain, correlation coefficient, and diversity gain characteristics under various incident wave propagation environments with whip length, head-to radio separation, and inclination of the radio from the vertical as parameters. The analysis has been carried out using a homogeneous human phantom model, which includes a head, a hand, and a left shoulder. The effective gain characteristics in multipath propagation environments is described. The analytical results indicate the structural and environmental requirements for designing the diversity antenna with a high diversity effect under practical use conditions     

Design of transmission line filters and matching circuits using genetic algorithms

A method for designing microwave filters and impedance matching circuits using transmission lines is presented. Transmission line filters with shunt‐connected open circuit stubs and continuously varying transmission line matching circuits are described in detail. The proposed method is based on genetic algorithms and can effectively be applied to various filter and matching circuit design problems without increasing theoretical and computational complexity. Design examples are provided, and the proposed method is demonstrated to be effective in designing transmission line filters and matching circuits. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Cross preferences for colors and shapes

Preferences for colors and geometric shapes vary considerably across individuals. Studies have demonstrated these variations in preference separately for colors and shapes, but the relationships between preference variations for colors and shapes are not yet known. By measuring individual preferences for basic colors and shapes, we found that color preferences and shape preferences were partly, but systematically, correlated. People who preferred some simple shapes (e.g., cone, pyramid) tended to prefer some light or warm colors (e.g., yellow, orange). In contrast, people who preferred some complex shapes (e.g., scrambled truncated‐pyramid, scrambled pyramid) tended to prefer some dark or cold colors (e.g., blue, blue‐green). That is, people who like “simple” or “complex” visual features might tend to like “light or warm” or “dark or cold” visual features. These results indicate that individual preferences for colors and shapes might not be independent, but could be correlated and intertwined to some extent. We suggest that the semantic information associated with colors and shapes underlies the cross preferences. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 188–195, 2016     

Design of nonlinear shaft torque observer for trucks with Automated Manual Transmission

Knowledge of drive axle shaft torque improves the longitudinal dynamic performance of vehicles. An axle shaft torque observer is proposed for vehicles with stepped ratio transmissions, which is a class of switching systems. Model uncertainties, including the steady state error and the unmodeled dynamics, are considered as an additive disturbance input and the observer is designed such that the error dynamics is input-to-state stable for all gear positions. The lowest possible gain of the designed observer is achieved by solving a set of LMIs. In the designed reduced-order observer, the complex nonlinear characteristics of powertrain systems are included and appears as their usual form of MAPs. Finally, the proposed observer is tested on an AMESim powertrain simulation model of a medium-duty truck.