Filaments for Incandescent Lamps with Energy Conserving Envelopes

The design considerations for filaments in energy conserving incandescent lamps are described. Such lamps require compact high emissivity filaments to absorb infrared radiation reflected from heat mirrored focusing envelopes. The relationships between the electrical parameters in the radiation returning environment and in the clear surroundings are developed. Efficiency experiments with filaments of various geometries under conditions of radiation return were performed. A highly compact coiled coil filament seems most promising for development. A calculation is presented of the filament emissivity as a function of spacing of the windings in a coil. Measurements of the emissivity as a function of the pitch of a coiled coil filament agree with the calculation.     

Sample preparation strategies for targeted proteomics via proteotypic peptides in human blood using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

The simultaneous quantification of protein concentrations via proteotypic peptides in human blood by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole MS/MS is an important field of bioanalytical research with a high potential for routine diagnostic applications. This review summarizes currently available sample preparation procedures and trends for absolute protein quantification in blood using LC-MS/MS. It discusses approaches of transferring established qualitative protocols to a quantitative analysis regarding their reliability and reproducibility. Techniques used to enhance method sensitivity such as the depletion of high-abundant proteins or the immunoaffinity enrichment of proteins and peptides are described. Furthermore, workflows for (i) protein denaturation, (ii) disulfide bridge reduction and (iii) thiol alkylation as well as (iv) enzymatic digestion for absolute protein quantification are presented. The main focus is on the tryptic digestion as a bottleneck of protein quantification via proteotypic peptides. Conclusively, requirements for a high-throughput application are discussed.     

Clinical Pure Types as a Fuzzy Partition

Abstract

This paper discusses the applicability of the ideas of fuzzy sets and grades of membership to problems encountered in the quantification of clinical (i.e., diagnostic and prognostic) judgment. The methods of constrained maximum likelihood are used to derive consensus estimates of grades of membership given a set of categorical data and an a priori set of specified pure types. A numerical example is given.     

Harnstoffhydrolyse für die selektive katalytische Reduktion von NOx: Vergleich der Flüssig‐ und Gasphasenzersetzung

In order to reduce the NO_x concentration in car exhausts usually the selective catalytic reduction with ammonia is used. However, to avoid the transport of ammonia in vehicles urea is applied as NH₃ precursor. Controlled urea decomposition before the injection into the exhaust gas system itself may be accomplished by the use of a separate reactor. Urea decomposition to ammonia in the liquid phase under pressure in a heated reactor was compared to its decomposition in the gas phase. In the liquid phase, higher conversion rates relative to the reactor volume were realized than in the gas phase. Catalysts which showed high activity in the gas phase influenced the decomposition in the liquid phase only slightly.     

Ern?hrungslehre

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Allgemeine Bestandteile der Nahrungs- und Genu?mittel

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Lexical and nonlexical phonological priming in reading aloud.

Five homophone priming experiments were reported in which the lexicality of primes and targets were varied, so that primes and targets were either nonword homophones (keff-keph), word homophones (brake-break), pseudohomophones (brayk-braik), or of mixed lexicality (brake-brayk and brayk-break). Results showed that naming of targets was facilitated by a phonologically identical prime only when a word was in the prime-target pairing. Simulations of these data using the dual-route cascaded model of reading (e.g., M. Coltheart, B. Curtis, P. Atkins, & M. Haller, 1993) were also reported. These results are evidence against the view that there is a critical early stage in the process of visual word recognition in which words are represented in purely phonological form, and they are evidence for the view that knowledge of orthography and phonology is represented locally in the reading system. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)