Allgemeine Bestandteile der Nahrungs- und Genu?mittel

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Path dependency and the future of advanced vehicles and biofuels

The accumulated experience and path-dependent development of petroleum-based transport fuels and internal combustion engine vehicles has created an apparent technological lock-in. Our analysis of a RApid Future vehicles and Fuels scenario (RAFF) for the EU shows that ambitious carbon emission reductions can be achieved even with projected increases in road transport. Furthermore, escaping the lock-in does not seem insurmountable. For this purpose, three strategic technology platforms should be supported: the electric drivetrain, the biochemical, and the thermo-chemical platforms. Each platform has its own characteristics and exhibits its own path dependencies that are relevant to consider with the aim of accelerating their development and application. Contrary to conventional wisdom indicating that governments should not pick winners, we argue that these three platforms should be subject to focused and concerted development efforts. They all offer advantages to transport as well as other applications, and they match low-carbon futures in which electricity and/or hydrogen are important energy carriers.     

Milch und K?se

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Robust H �� Filtering for Uncertain Nonlinear Stochastic Systems with Mode-dependent Time-delays and Markovian Jump Parameters

This paper investigates the problem of robust H _∞ filtering for a class of uncertain nonlinear stochastic time-delay systems with Markovian jump parameters. The system under consideration contains parameter uncertainties, It?-type stochastic disturbances, unknown nonlinearities as well as time-varying delays, which vary in a range and dependent on the mode of the operation. We aim to design a full-order Markovian jump filter such that, for all admissible uncertainties, the filtering error system is robustly asymptotically stable in the mean square, and a prescribed H _∞ disturbance attenuation level is guaranteed. By using the Lyapunov stability theory and It? differential rule, some sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) are proposed to guarantee the existence of the desired H _∞ filter. Then, the explicit expressions of the desired filter parameters are given. Illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.     

A novel localization and orientation method for an objective embedded with a rectangle magnet

To wirelessly obtain the accurate location and orientation of an objective and exert an appropri- ate guidance for the objective, a feasible approach is to enclose a small rectangular permanent mag- net in the objective. The magnetic field, produced by the rectangular magnet can be detected by magnetic sensors outside the objective. With these sensor data, the 3D localization and 3D orienta- tion parameters can be computed based on the mathematic model of the rectangular magnet magnetic field. In this 6D localization and orientation system, we first obtain 5D parameters of the objective by dipole model, then based on these parameters we can obtain 6D parameters by the model of rec- tangular magnet magnetic field using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Simulation experiments show that the proposed approach achieves good performance.