Improved synthetic wind speed generation using modified Mycielski approach

In this paper, novel approaches for wind speed data generation using Mycielski algorithm are developed and presented. To show the accuracy of developed approaches, we used three‐year collected wind speed data belonging to deliberately selected two different regions of Turkey (Izmir and Kayseri) to generate artificial wind speed data. The data belonging to the first two years are used for training, whereas the remaining one‐year data are used for testing and accuracy comparison purposes. The concept of distinct synthetic data production with correlation‐wise and distribution‐wise similar statistical properties constitutes the main idea of the proposed methods for a successful artificial wind speed generation. Generated data are compared with test data for both regions in the sense of basic statistics, Weibull distribution parameters, transition probabilities, spectral densities, and autocorrelation functions; and are also compared with the data generated by the classical first‐order Markov chains method. Results indicate that the accuracy and realistic behavior of the proposed method is superior to the classical method in the literature. Comparisons and results are discussed in detail. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Clarification and pasteurisation effects on monomeric anthocyanins and percent polymeric colour of black carrot (Daucus carota L.) juice

Black carrots (BCs) are a rich source of stable anthocyanins (ACNs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of clarification and pasteurisation on ACNs of black carrot juice (BCJ). Monomeric ACNs, ACN profile and percent polymeric colour were determined during processing of BCJ. While depectinisation and bentonite treatments resulted in 7% and 20% increases in monomeric ACN content of BCJ, respectively, gelatine–kieselsol treatment and pasteurisation resulted in 10% and 3–16% reduction. Percent polymeric colour decreased after clarification, but substantially increased in samples subjected to heat. ACNs of BCJ samples were identified by HPLC–MS. Unclarified BCJ contained cyanidin-3-galactoside-xyloside-glucoside-ferulic acid as the major ACN, followed by cyanidin-3-galactoside-xyloside-glucoside-coumaric acid, and cyanidin-3-galactoside-xyloside-glucoside. After depectinisation, two more ACNs (cyanidin-3-galactoside-xyloside and cyanidin-3-galactoside-xyloside-glucoside-sinapic acid) were also identified. These results indicated that depectinisation and bentonite treatment had positive effect on the colour of BCJ, while gelatin–kieselsol treatment and pasteurisation had negative effect.     

Multi-sink load balanced forwarding with a multi-criteria fuzzy sink selection for video sensor networks

Congestion is a challenging problem in wireless sensor networks, which exacerbates with the high volume of data traffic imposed by video applications such as video surveillance and target tracking. Deployment of multiple sinks is a candidate solution for congestion and is also promising in terms of reliability and energy-efficiency. In order to gain the maximum benefit from multiple sinks, it is essential to distribute the load among them evenly. In this paper, we propose a cross layer geographic forwarding scheme MLBRF (Multi-Sink Load Balanced Reliable Forwarding) which aims to provide reliable and energy efficient video delivery in a multi-sinked sensor network for target tracking. In order to provide load balancing among the sinks, MLBRF proposes a sink selection mechanism based on fuzzy logic for the frame forwarding which evaluates the traffic density in the direction of each sink by combining two dynamic criteria which are the number of contenders and the buffer occupancy levels in the neighborhood with the static distance criterion. The performance of the fuzzy sink selection mechanism is compared using simulation with various sink selection mechanisms. The results show that MLBRF gains the maximum benefit from deploying multiple sinks in terms of reliability, latency and energy efficiency by using the proposed fuzzy sink selection mechanism.     

A novel method for determining effects of fire damage on the safety of the Type I pressure hydrogen storage tanks

Consumption of the fossil fuels causes greenhouse gas effect and environmental pollution, which are two basic problems of our age. As a result of this problem, clean and renewable alternative energy sources are beginning to replace fossil fuels. Nowadays, the use of hydrogen energy, which is one of the clean energy, is increasing in transportation and industrial areas. Increasing of hydrogen energy usage, scientists are attempting to solve the many safety problems (such as fire, burst, impact and hydrogen embrittlement) that can occur during the storage and consumption of hydrogen energy. In this study, during the event of fire, the safety of metallic Type I pressure hydrogen storage tanks is investigated by using a novel approach. In this new approach, the mechanical strength drops of the tank materials that is related with temperature rising are added to the safety calculations. In the study, 6061 T6 aluminum and SS 316L stainless steel alloys were used as hydrogen tank material. The safety of hydrogen tanks modelled using these alloys was investigated under different temperature conditions (22, 100, 200 and 300 °C) and internal pressure (15, 20 and 25 MPa).