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11.
Jean-Louis Iehl Rodolphe Grac Luc le Gratiet Véronique Bardinal Rainer Buhleier Elena Bedel-Pereira Chantal Fontaine Michel Pugnet Jacques-Henry Collet 《电信纪事》1997,52(11-12):627-637
We study the transient gratings photogenerated in the picosecond regime in three families of structures, namely : - structures of thickness in the order of one micron, including quantum wells (GaAs/GaAlAs, CdTe/ CdZnTe). A transmission modulation due to the electric field has been observed. We show that, in accordance with our calculations, this modulation is screened faster than 10 ps at a fluence of a few µJ/cm2. - A structure including GalnAs/GalnAsP MQWS in a cavity. This structure shows a top diffraction efficiency of 2.5 × 10-2 at 1.55 µm for an energy of excitation in the order of 100 µJ/cm2. The diffraction efficiency exhibits several oscillations due to Fabry-Pårot effects. By introducing cavity effects in our model, we show that the diffraction efficiency is amplified by more than a factor 2 with respect to the no-cavity case. Calculations show that the diffraction efficiency may reach 6 × 10-2 around 1.625 µm, for a front mirror reflectivity of 90 %. - Structures including bulk GaAs microcavities. The risetime is lower or in the order of 1 ps while the diffraction efficiency attains 1 %, with an average power of 4 mW (i.e. an energy of 2 µJ/cm2/pulse), compatible with a commutation of packets at 80 MHz. 相似文献
12.
FM Loehrer CP Angst FP Brunner WE Haefeli B Fowler 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,13(3):656-661
BACKGROUND: Elevated homocysteine concentrations have been associated with premature arteriosclerosis and with impairment of key methylation reactions through accumulation of the homocysteine metabolite S-adenosylhomocysteine. In end-stage renal failure high homocysteine concentrations are commonly found but thus far the concentrations of related adenosylated metabolites in plasma have not been assessed. METHODS: In this prospective study we determined plasma homocysteine and related metabolites in 25 patients on regular haemodialysis, and in 40 healthy volunteers. Blood samples from patients were drawn immediately before and in 10 patients additionally after the dialysis session. RESULTS: Folic acid and vitamin B12 in plasma were similar in patients (mean +/- SEM 25+/-2 nmol/l and 400+/-41 pmol/l respectively) and controls (24+/-3 and 324+/-23 respectively). In patients plasma homocysteine, S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine were markedly elevated (36.6+/-3.6 micromol/l, 381+/-32nmol/l and 1074+/-55 nmol/l respectively) compared to the control values (6.8+/-0.4 micromol/l, 60+/-3 nmol/l and 24.4+/-1.1 nmol/l respectively) whereas the molar ratio of plasma S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine was significantly decreased (0.36+/-0.02 and 2.7+/-0.2 in patients and controls respectively). Haemodialysis failed to normalize the abnormal levels of these metabolites. CONCLUSION: Since the ratio of S-adenosylmethionine : S-adenosylhomocysteine is closely linked to the activity of numerous enzymatic methylation reactions, these results suggest that methylation may be impaired in these patients. 相似文献
13.
14.
The coupling of the changes in bacterial quantitative and metabolic aspects during Microcystis aeruginosa bloom conditions together with several environmental parameters was studied in the hypereutrophic Villerest reservoir, France. Bacterial abundance varied from 5.20 to 21.28 × 106 bacteria-mL?1, while bacterial biomass ranged between 75 and 507 μg C mL?1. These results confirmed the highly eutrophic status of the Villerest reservoir. The relative quantitative importance of attached bacteria increased as Microcystis proliferated. Methyl-3H incorporation and D-(U-14C) glucose uptake varied from 8.99 to 60.57 × 106 cells-mL?1, and 0.016 to 1.587 μg CL?1 h?1, respectively. Correlations between several abiotic and biotic parameters showed that phytoplankton regulated bacterial growth by releasing organic carbon which is directly uptaken by heterotrophic bacteria. In the hypolimnion, the sedimentation of decaying algae represented a substantial substrate for bacterial growth. 相似文献
15.
Michel Gangnet Burton Rosenberg 《Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence》1993,8(3-4):271-284
Aconstraint system includes a set of variables and a set of relations among these variables, calledconstraints. The solution of a constraint system is an assignment of values to variables so that all, or many, of the relations are made true. A simple and efficient method for constraint resolution has been proposed in the work of B.N. Freeman-Benson, J. Maloney, and A. Borning. We show how their method is related to the classical problem of graph matching, and from this connection we derive new resolution algorithms. 相似文献
16.
Recent years have witnessed major governmental initiatives regarding critical infrastructure protection (CIP). During that same time, critical infrastructures (CIs) have undergone massive institutional restructuring under the headings of privatization, deregulation and liberalization. Little research has gone into understanding the interactions between these two developments. In this article, we outline the consequences of institutional restructuring for the changing ways in which CIs ensure the reliability and security of their networks and services. Neither Normal Accident Theory nor High‐Reliability Theory can account for reliability under these conditions. We then investigate the implications of these findings for CIP. 相似文献
17.
Cognitive Operations in the Generation Effect on a Recall Test: Role of Aging and Divided Attention.
Generation effect (generated words are better memorized than read words) of anagrams, rhymes, and associates of target words was examined in young, elderly, and very old subjects. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that only young subjects benefit from the generation effect in a free-recall test when the rule is of a phonological nature. Experiments 3, 4, and 5 showed that the generation effect of rhymes was due to a resources-dependent self-initiated process. Experiments 4 and 5 showed that in a divided-attention situation, generation effect of rhymes is not significant in young subjects, but that the generation effect of semantic associates remains significant for both groups (Experiment 5). The results are discussed within the environmental support framework and the transfer-appropriate processing framework. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
18.
The catalytic activity of fresh Pd and Pt catalysts supported on γ-alumina in the complete oxidation of CH4 traces under lean-burn conditions was studied in the presence or the absence of water or H2S. Steam-aged catalysts were also studied in order to simulate long-term ageing in real lean-burn natural gas fuelled vehicles (NGVs) exhaust conditions. Without water or H2S added to the feed, Pd catalysts exhibit a superior catalytic activity in methane oxidation compared to Pt ones, whatever the catalysts were fresh or aged. The addition of 10 vol.% water vapour to the feed strongly affects the activity of the fresh Pd catalyst, thus being only slightly more efficient than the fresh Pt one. H2S has a strong poisoning effect on the catalytic activity of Pd catalysts, while Pt catalysts are more resistant. The fresh H2S-poisoned Pd/Al2O3 catalyst was studied by TPD in O2/He. Poisoning species decompose above 873 K as SO2 and O2 in relative concentrations consistent with the decomposition of surface sulphate species. However, a treatment in O2/He at temperatures as high as 923 K does not allow the complete regeneration of the catalytic activity of H2S-poisoned Pd/Al2O3. A mechanism involving the poisoning of PdO by sulphate species is proposed. Different diffusion processes by which these sulphate species can migrate back and forth between PdO and the support, depending on the experimental conditions, are suggested. 相似文献
19.
We present a general method and a toolkit for designing, implementing and visualizing distributed algorithms. We make use of the high level encoding of distributed algorithms as graph rewriting systems. The result is a unified and simple framework for describing, implementing and visualizing a large family of distributed algorithms. 相似文献
20.
Loranger Michel; Pépin Michel; Gignac Guy; Benoit Geneviève 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,36(1):59
Presents results of 3 studies on the psychometric properties of the LP-ABC (M. Loranger and M. Pépin, 1993), a French-language instrument for assessing general functioning in adults with mental retardation. The studies involved a total of 299 male and female Canadian adults with mental retardation. Results confirm the internal consistency, construct validity, criterion validity, discriminant validity, interrater reliability, and test–retest reliability of the LP-ABC. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献