Effect of poling on piezocatalytic removal of muti-pollutants using BaTiO3

The BaTiO₃ powder was prepared via a solid-state reaction route. It was studied for the degradation of bacterial cells, dye, and pharmaceuticals waste using ultrasonically driven piezocatalytic effect. The bacterial catalytic behavior of poled BaTiO₃ was remarkably increased during ultrasonication (10% E coli survival in 60 minutes). The structural damages were illustrated using scanning electron micrographs of bacterial cells which demonstrated morphological manifestations under different conditions. Methylene blue (MB dye), ciprofloxacin and diclofenac were also cleaned using the piezocatalytic effect associated with the poled BaTiO₃ powder. Around 92, 85, and 78% of degradations were observed within 150 minutes duration for methylene blue, ciprofloxacin, and diclofenac, respectively.     

Biomass/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites: Advances in preparation strategies and performances

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) as an organic–inorganic hybrid at a molecular level, has excellent mechanical properties, thermodynamic properties, dielectric properties and so on. In recent decades, POSS has been extensively used in modification of various polymers to prepare nanocomposites with enhanced comprehensive performances. Biomass materials such as chitosan, cellulose, silk protein, collagen fibers and gelatin have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, which have been widely used in the fields such as biomedical, innovative environmental protection and so on. However, deficiencies including insufficient mechanical properties and rapid rate of biodegradation hampered their application. This paper briefly introduced the principal methods to synthesize POSS nanoparticles, and then focused on technologies for preparing biomass-based composites utilizing diverse functional POSSs. Finally, put forward the prospects of POSS modification technology and its future application direction. This article will have a positive guiding role for the further research and development of biomass/POSS nanocomposites.     

Preparation of 3D crimped ZnO/PAN hybrid nanofiber mats with photocatalytic activity and antibacterial properties by blow-spinning

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have received widespread attention due to their unique structure and broad application possibilities, but high preparation costs and agglomeration limit their usage. In this article, low-cost and environmentally friendly cellulose and ZnCl₂ are used to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Subsequently, multifunctional ZnO/polyacrylonitrile hybrid nanofiber mats (ZnO/PAN@NFMs) with mechanical stability suitable for large-scale application are prepared via solution blow-spinning. The synthesized ZnO/PAN@NFMs exhibit higher photodegradation of organic dyes than earlier reported semiconductors and good recycling performance with an organic dye degradation above 94%–98% after five cycles, which is ascribed to fixation of the ZnO NPs in the nanofibers. In addition, the inhibition rate for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is above 99.9% and the bacteriostatic rate against E. coli remains as high as 99% after 10 cycles. From these properties, the synthesized composite ZnO/PAN@NFMs are promising for wastewater cleaning and antibacterial fabrics.     

Simultaneously improved solid particle erosion resistant and strength of graphene nanoplates/carbon nanotube enhanced thermoplastic polyurethane films

Up to now, it is a major challenge to protect leading edge of the blades from solid particle erosion. Herein, we propose a structure optimization strategy to fabricate non-woven (NW) enhanced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposite films (thermoplastic polyurethane [TPU] - NW@G/C_x) with “sandwich - like” structure by hot pressing technology. TPU NW/graphene nanoplates/carbon nanotube (NW@G/C_x) interlayer film were first fabricated by spraying method. Then the interlayer film was laminated between TPU films to fabricate nanocomposite films. Such prepared TPU - NW@G/C_x film shows excellent solid particle erosion resistance and high-tensile strength. For example, the “steel-and-mortar” structure of NW fabric in TPU film results in high-tensile strength of 45 MPa and storage modulus of 21.2 MPa for TPU - NW@G/C_1.0, increasing by 25% and 171% compared with original TPU film (35 MPa, 8 MPa), respectively. In addition, compared with pure TPU film, the “sandwich - like” structure endows TPU - NW@G/C_1.2 with excellent solid particle erosion resistance and the thermal conductivity (0.251 W/m·K). These superior properties extends application of the TPU - NW@G/C_x film on wind turbine blades.     

Enhanced interfacial adhesion of aramid fiber reinforced rubber composites through bio-inspired surface modification and aramid nanofiber coating

In order to improve the interfacial adhesion between aramid fiber (AF) and rubber matrix, a simple and facile method of aramid nanofiber (ANF) coating is demonstrated in this article. Tannic acid (TA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) are polymerized in an alkaline solution to form a thin TA/PEI (TP) layer that is deposited on the surface of AF to introduce functional groups such as hydroxyl and amino groups. Then, the ANF coating is utilized to construct nanostructures on the surface of AF to improve the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the rubber. Through hydrogen bonding and/or π-π stacking between the TP layer and the ANF, the ANF coating is firmly attached to the surface of AF. Compared with the untreated fiber, the interfacial adhesion of AF coated with ANF after 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 deposition cycles is increased by 27.8%, 29.1%, 31.5%, 43.1%, and 30.3%, and the mechanical properties of the fibers remain almost unchanged. This method shows its advantages of simple, facile, and time-effective, which is of great significance for industrial applications.     

Ionic liquid modified graphene oxide for enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

In this work, to improve its dispersion and flame retardancy, graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized by silane coupling agent KH550 and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate (PF₆-ILs), and characteristics of the PF₆-ILs@GO was obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Then, the synergistic flame retardant of GO or PF₆-ILs@GO and melamine pyrophosphate (MPP) were applied for epoxy resin (EP) materials. Specifically, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of EP with 0.1 wt% PF₆-ILs@GO was increased to 29.2% from 27.5% of EP/MPP composites, and the UL-94 test reached the V-0 rating. The CCT results showed that the total heat release (THR) and total smoke release (TSP) of EP/MPP/PF₆-ILs@GO composites were significantly 24.4% and 53.4% lower than that of EP/MPP composites. Besides, the thermal behavior investigated by TGA indicated that the char-forming effect of GO and PF₆-ILs@GO was great, the residual char of EP/MPP/PF₆-ILs@GO composites was as high as 19.5% at 700°C, and its thermal stability was higher than that of EP/MPP composites. On the other hand, the tensile strength of EP/MPP/GO and EP/MPP/PF₆-ILs@GO composites were increased by 15.6% and 28.3% compared with EP/MPP composites. According to SEM analysis, the EP/MPP/GO composites formed a good protective char layer, which can effectively improve flame retardancy of EP. This research represents a new method of flame retardant modified GO to improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polymers.     

新型非离子型水性环氧固化剂的合成及性能研究

为提高水性环氧涂料的固化性能和适用期,以自制聚酰胺和生物基戊二胺为起始原料,聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚（ PEGGE）为亲水链段,双酚 A型环氧树脂（ E-51）为疏水链段,邻甲苯缩水甘油醚（ CGE）为封端剂制备了非离子型低温水性环氧固化剂,并与自制水性环氧乳液复配制得双组分水性环氧涂料。考察了环氧固化剂合成工艺参数及涂膜各项性能。结果表明：该固化剂含有较长的柔性脂肪烃碳链和聚醚链段能够提高涂膜的柔韧性;双酚 A型环氧树脂参与扩链反应能够解决与乳液不兼容等问题;苯环结构增加了涂膜的硬度;涂膜室温固化后性能优异,具有良好的物理机械性能、耐水性、耐酸碱性和耐盐雾性。     

面向恶意攻击的安全稳定控制系统信息物理协调防御方法

信息物理的紧密耦合使网络安全问题成为电力系统安全稳定运行的重大挑战,同时也给信息物理的协调感知和安全防御提供了新的潜力.围绕安全稳定控制业务,针对信息物理融合带来的网络安全问题,挖掘信息物理协调的潜力,提出信息物理协调防御的框架,提升安全稳定控制系统防御恶意攻击的能力.首先,通过试验分析了恶意攻击对电网安全稳定控制系统和电力一次系统产生的影响.在此基础上,分别从时间和空间维度提出了网络安全信息物理协调防御体系和框架,并结合传统网络安全技术和安全稳定控制业务逻辑分别提出了包含装置侧和主站侧的网络安全辨识和防护方案,给出了安全稳定控制系统网络安全监视与分析应用框架,从而提升了安全稳定控制系统应对恶意攻击的能力.     

持续低温环境对复合绝缘子硅橡胶材料介电特性的影响

复合绝缘子因其优异的耐污闪能力和电气绝缘能力在电网中得到广泛应用,但其性能受运行环境影响明显,介电特性作为电介质的基本物理性能可以反映其变化情况.该文以HTV硅橡胶样品为对象,人工模拟低温环境应力,研究了其在-40～25℃环境中的温度频率特性.研究结果表明:复介电常数实部ε'在高频(104～106Hz)交变电场中随温度的升高而减小,低频(10-2～101Hz)时则随温度的升高而增大,复介电常数虚部ε'、介质损耗角正切值tanδ在10-2～106Hz内均随温度的升高而增大;干冻及覆冰后冰冻均使材料的工频ε'、ε'及tanδ值随低温持续时间的增加而增大,随温度的降低而增大,覆冰后冰冻的样品各值均大于干冻;干冻和覆冰后冰冻的样品放置于常温环境(25℃、RH60％)后介电性能有所恢复,其工频介电参数值减小,但168h后仍大于未经长时间低温处理的样品初始值.     

电磁脉冲板件焊接设备研制及镁/铝合金板焊接实验研究

镁合金、铝合金作为轻质材料,因具有优异性能可替代传统钢材而广泛应用于轻量化设备制造中.然而,由于镁合金与铝合金物理、化学性能存在差异,使得传统工艺难以实现两者之间的良好焊接.电磁脉冲焊接(EMPW)借助电磁力实现金属材料的冶金结合,有望解决镁合金、铝合金的焊接难题.为探究电磁脉冲焊接镁合金-铝合金的可行性及影响因素,该文从电磁脉冲焊接原理着手,研制出一套28kJ的电磁脉冲焊接设备原型机,并在此基础上研究镁合金板(基板)、铝合金板(飞板)电磁脉冲焊接所需外部条件(放电电压和焊接间隙)以及镁合金自身力学特征对焊接条件的影响.结果显示:电磁脉冲焊接技术能够实现镁合金、铝合金板件的可靠焊接;在一定范围内,放电电压的升高能够提高接头的机械性能;焊接间隙的增加使接头的机械性能先提高后降低.此外,镁合金板件自身特殊结构导致的力学各向异性也将影响接头的机械性能,相同条件下,与轧制方向成0°时,焊接所得接头拉伸强度最佳;与轧制方向成90°时,接头拉伸强度最低.该文可为电磁脉冲焊接镁合金-铝合金板件提供技术支撑和理论参考.