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21.
Summary The dynamic mechanical behaviour of 4% aqueous solutions and networks of poly (N, N-diethylacrylamide) and copolymers of diethylacrylamide
with sodium methacrylate (MNa) (molar ratio xMNA=0–0.05) swollen in water was measured in the temperature range 20–80 °C. With increasing temperature, at Tc polymer chains collapse from random coil to more compact globular conformations. While in the region of coil conformations
(T > Tc) the mechanical behaviour of solutions has a liquid-like character (the loss modulus G″ is higher than the storage modulus
G′ for a constant frequency ω=1 Hz), in the region of globular conformations (T > Tc) a heterogeneous physical network is built in solutions, and the mechanical behaviour has a solid-like character (G′ > G″).
In networks the collapse is reflected in an increase of storage modulus G′; the magnitude of this increase decreases with
ionization. The dependence of the loss modulus G″ on the temperature of solutions and networks allows us to conclude that
the magnitude of losses in the collapsed state is affected rather by xMNa (the modulus G″ increases with increasing ionization) than by the heterogeneous structure of the samples. 相似文献
22.
Miloslav Bohdanecký 《Polymer Bulletin》1993,31(1):117-122
Summary Critical values of the polymer volume fraction 2,c and the interaction parameter c have been computed for the case that the equation for the chemical potential of solvent contains terms c
2
3
and c
2
4
in addition to
2
2
. For 0 c 1/3, the limits for infinite chain length are
2,c
= 0 and
c
= 0.5. Quite different results are obtained for c > 1/3,
2,c
being finite and
c
lower than 1/2. Conclusions for the estimation of the temperature and the entropy-of-dilution parameter are discussed. 相似文献
23.
Sergej Jakovlev Miroslav Voznak Arunas Andziulis Kestutis Ruibys 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2014,18(4):707-716
Radio telescope (RT) installations are highly valuable assets and during the period of their service life they need regular repair and maintenance to be carried out for delivering satisfactory performance and minimizing downtime. Same down time can be expected during machinery usage. Constant control of telescope rotation angle is done manually using visual inspection of hardware. The accuracy of this procedure is very low, therefore, automation and computer control systems are required. With the growing automation technologies, predictive control can prove to be a better approach than the traditionally applied visual inspection policy and linear control models. In this paper, Irbene Radio telescope RT-16 disk rotation control motors are analysed using control voltage from the converters. Retrieved data from the small DC motor is used for the predictive control approach using two different methods: a neural network trained with Basic Levenberg-Marquardt method and a linear model. A multilayer perceptron network approach is used for prediction of the indicator voltage output which affects the monitoring of the disk rotating angle. Finally, an experimental control system was proposed and installed using National Instruments equipment. 相似文献
24.
Organic compounds dissolved in water can be decomposed on a layer of n-TiO2 particles irradiated by u.v. light, which generates holes and electrons in the TiO2 material. Dissolved oxygen was used as electron scavenger and holes reacted with water to give OH radicals. The rate of degradation of the dissolved organic compounds by OH radicals is limited by the transfer of either oxygen or of theorganic compounds to the surface of n-TiO2 particles. The consequence of these limits is that, in the batch mode reactor with recirculation of the liquid, the dependence of the concentration of an organic compound on time has either a linear or an exponential form. Experiments with decomposition of oxalic acid in aqueous solutions using a plate reactor (60 cm × 120 cm) confirmed the analysis. Equations for evaluation of the mass transfer coefficient of the dissolved species to the surface of the plate reactor with a moving liquid fil m were developed for the case of the thickness of the Nernst diffusion layer being thinner than the thickness of the liquid. The experimentally obtained decomposition rate of oxalic acid was about 60 to 80% of the theoretical decomposition rate limited by oxygen flux through the film of a moving liquid. The present theory neglects the diffusion of oxygen into the porous layer of n-TiO2. 相似文献
25.
With the help of DTA, DTG elementary analysis of carbonized residues and ESR spectroscopy the influence of anionic form on thermooxidation of trimethylammoniumhydroxyprophyl (TMAHP)–cellulose was studied. At 300°C the percentage of carbon in carbonized residue thermolyzed in oxidative atmosphere is higher than for the sample degraded in inert atmosphere. The percentage of hydrogen decreases simultaneously. The concentration of free radicals in thermolyzed residue also increases due to the presence of oxygen. We propose that oxygen is abstracting the hydrogen atoms from polysaccharide and unpaired electrons on carbon atoms are produced. At 400°C the percentage of carbon in residues prepared at inert atmosphere is higher than for residue formed at oxidative atmosphere. Also the concentration of free radicals in thermolyzed residues obtained in inert atmosphere is greater than for those from oxidative ones. That is why suppose that at this temperature oxygen is bonded to polysaccharide residue and free radicals are terminated. From the semiquantitative DTA we can make the following sequence of samples according to their increasing thermooxidative effect: unmodified cellulose < A–HSO < A–Br? < A–I? < A–NO < A–H2PO < A–CH3COO? < A–HCO < A–F? < A–Cl?1 < A–OHp?. 相似文献
26.
Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) deals with the problem of finding a hypothesis covering positive examples and excluding negative examples, where both hypotheses and examples are expressed in first-order logic. In this paper we employ constraint satisfaction techniques to model and solve a problem known as template ILP consistency, which assumes that the structure of a hypothesis is known and the task is to find unification of the contained variables. In particular, we present a constraint model with index variables accompanied by a Boolean model to strengthen inference and hence improve efficiency. The efficiency of models is demonstrated experimentally. 相似文献
27.
Wickramaratna Kasun Kubat Miroslav Premaratne Kamal 《Knowledge and Data Engineering, IEEE Transactions on》2009,21(7):985-998
Existing research in association mining has focused mainly on how to expedite the search for frequently co-occurring groups of items in “shopping cart” type of transactions; less attention has been paid to methods that exploit these “frequent itemsets” for prediction purposes. This paper contributes to the latter task by proposing a technique that uses partial information about the contents of a shopping cart for the prediction of what else the customer is likely to buy. Using the recently proposed data structure of itemset trees (IT-trees), we obtain, in a computationally efficient manner, all rules whose antecedents contain at least one item from the incomplete shopping cart. Then, we combine these rules by uncertainty processing techniques, including the classical Bayesian decision theory and a new algorithm based on the Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory of evidence combination. 相似文献
28.
Miroslav Pastorek 《Materials and Manufacturing Processes》2018,33(15):1674-1680
Thermal annealing as an additional polymer processing step or post-treatment processing step enables the structural changes of amorphous parts into crystalline parts. This paper investigates the feasibility of thermal annealing at 100°C up to 90?min used as an additional processing step to modify the crystalline structure and the thermo-mechanical stability of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Moreover, the crystallization ability of PLA has been amended by the addition of 3?wt% of wood flour and kaolin. The values of the degree of crystallinity and lamellar thickness determined by wide-angle-X-ray scattering showed that the thermal annealing of PLA samples modified with nucleating agents was an efficient processing step to increase the final crystallinity of PLA. Moreover, altered crystalline structure helped to improve the thermomechanical stability of PLA. 相似文献
29.
We give drawings of a complete graphK
n
withO(n
4 log2
g/g) many crossings on an orientable or nonorientable surface of genusg 2. We use these drawings ofK
n
and give a polynomial-time algorithm for drawing any graph withn vertices andm edges withO(m
2 log2
g/g) many crossings on an orientable or nonorientable surface of genusg 2. Moreover, we derive lower bounds on the crossing number of any graph on a surface of genusg 0. The number of crossings in the drawings produced by our algorithm are within a multiplicative factor ofO(log2
g) from the lower bound (and hence from the optimal) for any graph withm 8n andn
2/m g m/64.The research of the third and the fourth authors was partially supported by Grant No. 2/1138/94 of the Slovak Academy of Sciences and by EC Cooperative action IC1000 Algorithms for Future Technologies (Project ALTEC). A preliminary version of this paper was presented at WG93 and published in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 790, 1993, pp. 388–396. 相似文献
30.
Stochastic source seeking for nonholonomic unicycle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We apply the recently introduced method of stochastic extremum seeking to navigate a nonholonomic unicycle towards the maximum of an unknown, spatially distributed signal field, using only the measurement of the signal at the vehicle’s location but without the measurement of the vehicle’s position. Keeping the forward velocity constant and controlling only the angular velocity, we design a stochastic source seeking control law which employs excitation based on filtered white noise, rather than sinusoidal perturbations used in the existing work. We study stability with the help of stochastic averaging theorems that we recently developed for general nonlinear continuous-time systems with stochastic perturbations. We prove local exponential convergence, both almost surely and in probability, to a small neighborhood near the source. We characterize the convergence speed explicitly and provide design guidelines for maximizing it, as well as for minimizing the residual set near the source. We present a detailed simulation study, including a study of the effect of saturation on the steering input. 相似文献