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排序方式: 共有610条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
Hiroki Nagai Tatsuya Suzuki Hiroki Hara Chihiro Mochizuki Ichiro Takano Tohru Honda Mitsunobu Sato 《Materials Chemistry and Physics》2012
A transparent p-type Cu2O thin film of 50 nm thickness was successfully fabricated by means of a solution-based process involving the thermal reaction of molecular precursor films spin-coated on a Na-free glass substrate. The precursor solution was prepared by the reaction of an isolated Cu2+ complex of ethylenediamine-N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid with dibutylamine in ethanol. The Cu2O thin films resulting from heat treatment of the precursor film at 450 °C for 10 min in Ar gas at a flow rate of 1.0 L min−1 were characterized by X-ray diffraction which indicated a precise cubic lattice cell parameter of a = 0.4265(2) nm, with a crystallite size of 8(2) nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy peaks, attributable to the O 1s and Cu 2p3/2 level of the Cu2O film were found at 532.6 eV and 932.4 eV, respectively. An average grain size of the deposited Cu2O particles of ca. 200 nm was observed via field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The optical band edge evaluated from the absorption spectrum of the Cu2O transparent thin film was 2.3 eV, assuming a direct-transition semiconductor. Hall Effect measurements of the thin film indicated that the single-phase Cu2O thin film is a typical p-type semiconductor, with a hole concentration of 1.7 × 1016 cm−3 and hole mobility of 4.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 at ambient temperature. The activation energy from the valence band to the acceptor level determined from an Arrhenius plot was 0.34 eV. The adhesion strength of the thin film on the Na-free glass substrate was also determined as a critical load (Lc1) of 2.0 N by means of a scratch test. The method described is the first example of fabrication and characterization of a p-type Cu2O transparent thin film by a wet process. 相似文献
162.
S. Hayashi Y. Takada I. Saeki A. Yamauchi Y. Nishiyama T. Doi S. Kyo M. Sato 《工业材料与腐蚀》2012,63(10):862-868
The effect of oxygen partial pressure on the phase transformation of Al2O3 scale on various Fe–Al alloys with and without very thin (~100 nm) Fe coating was investigated. Fe‐coating on Fe–Al alloys can effectively suppress metastable Al2O3 formation, but little effect was observed when the samples were oxidized in a low partial pressure of oxygen. Under the low ${\rm P}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} } $ atmosphere, metastable to stable α‐Al2O3 scale phase transformation on both Fe‐coated and non‐coated Fe–Al alloys was significantly delayed. The lattice spacing of α‐Al2O3 scale formed in air decreased with increasing alloy Al content. Further decrease in the lattice spacing of α‐Al2O3 scale was observed when the alloy was oxidized in low ${\rm P}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} } $ . The results obtained clearly indicated that the formation of Fe2O3 or Fe3+ in metastable Al2O3 accelerated the metastable to stable α‐Al2O3 scale transformation. 相似文献
163.
164.
AgI-coated silver-clad stainless steel hollow waveguides for infrared lightwave transmission and their applications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We fabricated silver iodide (AgI)-coated silver hollow waveguides to transmit a wide range of infrared (IR) light. Silver-clad stainless steel pipes were used as a supporting pipe. Since this type of metallic hollow waveguide has high mechanical strength and heat resistance, it is suitable as a rigid lightwave probe for various applications such as dental or medical laser treatment, IR spectroscopy, thermal radiometry, and laser processing. Considering these applications, we estimated the hollow waveguides with different thicknesses of the AgI layer. By optimizing the AgI layer thickness according to the wavelength of propagating light, we succeeded in efficiently transmitting Er-YAG and CO(2) laser light. We also studied the optical characteristics of a wide range of incoherent light for IR spectroscopy and radiometry applications using these metallic hollow waveguides as lightwave probes. 相似文献
165.
When lung nodules overlap with ribs or clavicles in chest radiographs, it can be difficult for radiologists as well as computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) schemes to detect these nodules. In this paper, we developed an image-processing technique for suppressing the contrast of ribs and clavicles in chest radiographs by means of a multiresolution massive training artificial neural network (MTANN). An MTANN is a highly nonlinear filter that can be trained by use of input chest radiographs and the corresponding "teaching" images. We employed "bone" images obtained by use of a dual-energy subtraction technique as the teaching images. For effective suppression of ribs having various spatial frequencies, we developed a multiresolution MTANN consisting of multiresolution decomposition/composition techniques and three MTANNs for three different-resolution images. After training with input chest radiographs and the corresponding dual-energy bone images, the multiresolution MTANN was able to provide "bone-image-like" images which were similar to the teaching bone images. By subtracting the bone-image-like images from the corresponding chest radiographs, we were able to produce "soft-tissue-image-like" images where ribs and clavicles were substantially suppressed. We used a validation test database consisting of 118 chest radiographs with pulmonary nodules and an independent test database consisting of 136 digitized screen-film chest radiographs with 136 solitary pulmonary nodules collected from 14 medical institutions in this study. When our technique was applied to nontraining chest radiographs, ribs and clavicles in the chest radiographs were suppressed substantially, while the visibility of nodules and lung vessels was maintained. Thus, our image-processing technique for rib suppression by means of a multiresolution MTANN would be potentially useful for radiologists as well as for CAD schemes in detection of lung nodules on chest radiographs. 相似文献
166.
Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and graphitized carbonaceous thin films prepared by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) were surface-modified by electropolymerization of thiophene. The electrochemical properties of the carbonaceous materials were studied by cyclic voltammetry and ac impedance spectroscopy. Irreversible cathodic current of the carbonaceous materials above 0.5 V (vs. Li/Li+) in the cyclic voltammograms significantly decreased by electropolymerization of thiophene, indicating that electropolymerization of thiophene suppress the decomposition of electrolytes on the carbonaceous materials. On the Nyquist plots, a semi-circle due to surface film resistance was observed, and the value significantly decreased at around 1.5 V. At potentials below 0.9 V, another semi-circle appeared in the middle to lower frequency region, which was assigned to the charge transfer resistance due to lithium-ion transfer at the surface-modified carbon electrode/electrolyte interface. The charge-transfer resistances were dependent on electrode potentials. The activation energy for lithium-ion transfer through interface between the surface-modified HOPG electrode and electrolyte was evaluated, and the value was almost identical to that obtained for an untreated HOPG electrode. Based on these results, it is concluded that electropolymerization of thiophene played an important role not in the phase transfer kinetics of lithium-ion but in reduction of the electrolyte decomposition at a graphite electrode. 相似文献
167.
Toshiyuki Sugimoto Shin‐Ichiro Doi Makoto Takahashi Yoshio Higashiyama 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2001,136(4):7-14
Electrical discharge phenomena from a grounded electrode located in a charged particle cloud have been investigated. Soil conditioning particles charged by corona charging were blown to form a space charge cloud. A grounded sphere electrode was placed at the center of the charged cloud to produce an electrical discharge. A positive pulse discharge extended from the sphere electrode toward the charged cloud with a strong luminescence. A brushlike streamer with a maximum length of 170 mm appeared at an interval of 30 ms. The maximum pulse height of the discharge was 2.4 A. The distribution of the electric field around the sphere electrode was obtained from field analysis using a concentric spherical model. It was found that the magnitude of the discharge depends on the radius of the grounded electrode and the size and charge density of the clouds. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(4): 7–14, 2001 相似文献
168.
Aliphatic Halogenase Enables Late‐Stage C−H Functionalization: Selective Synthesis of a Brominated Fischerindole Alkaloid with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity
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Dr. Qin Zhu Dr. Matthew L. Hillwig Prof. Dr. Yohei Doi Prof. Dr. Xinyu Liu 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2016,17(6):466-470
The anion promiscuity of a newly discovered standalone aliphatic halogenase WelO5 was probed and enabled the selective synthesis of 13R‐bromo‐12‐epi‐fischerindole U via late‐stage enzymatic functionalization of an unactivated sp3 C?H bond. Pre‐saturating the WelO5 active site with a non‐native bromide anion was found to be critical to the highly selective in vitro transfer of bromine, instead of chlorine, to the target carbon center and also allowed the relative binding affinity of bromide and chloride towards the WelO5 enzyme to be assessed. This study further revealed the critical importance of halogen substitution on modulating the antibiotic activity of fischerindole alkaloids and highlights the promise of WelO5‐type aliphatic halogenases as enzymatic tools to fine‐tune the bioactivity of complex natural products. 相似文献
169.
Takeshi Aoyagi Fumio SawaTatsuya Shoji Hiroo FukunagaJun-ichi Takimoto Masao Doi 《Computer Physics Communications》2002,145(2):267-279
In this article, we describe a general-purpose coarse-grained molecular dynamics program COGNAC (COarse Grained molecular dynamics program by NAgoya Cooperation). COGNAC has been developed for general molecular dynamics simulation, especially for coarse-grained polymer chain models. COGNAC can deal with general molecular models, in which each molecule consists of coarse-grained atomic units connected by chemical bonds. The chemical bonds are specified by bonding potentials for the stretching, bending and twisting of the bonds, each of which are the functions of the position coordinates of the two, three and four atomic units. COGNAC can deal with both isotropic and anisotropic interactions between the non-bonded atomic units. As an example, the Gay-Berne potential is implemented. New potential functions can be added to the list of existing potential functions by users. COGNAC can do simulations for various situations such as under constant temperature, under constant pressure, under shear and elongational deformation, etc. Some new methods are implemented in COGNAC for modeling multiphase structures of polymer blends and block copolymers. A density biased Monte Carlo method and a density biased potential method can generate equilibrium chain configurations from the results of the self-consistent field calculations. Staggered reflective boundary conditions can generate interfacial structures with smaller system size compared with those of periodic boundary conditions. 相似文献
170.
Doi Y Akiyama H Yamada Y Ee CE Lee BR Ikeguchi M Ichishima E 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》2004,17(3):261-266
Penicillolysin is a member of the clan MX and the family of M35 proteases. The enzyme is a thermolabile Zn(2+)- protease from Penicillium citrinum with a unique substrate profile. We expressed recombinant penicillolysin in Aspergillus oryzae and generated several site-directed mutants, R33E/E60R, A167E and T81P, with the intention of exploring thermal stabilization of this protein. We based our choice of mutations on the structures of homologous thermally stable enzymes, deuterolysin (EC 3.4.24.39) from A.oryzae and a peptidyl-Lys metallopeptidase (GfMEP) from the edible mushroom Grifora frondsa. The resulting mutant proteins exhibited comparable catalytic efficiency to the wild-type enzyme and some showed a higher tolerance to temperature. 相似文献