转速对6061-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊接头力学性能的影响(英文)

采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM),研究转速对厚度为5 mm的6061-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊接头的宏观和微观组织、硬度、搭接头剪切性能和失效模式的影响。结果表明:在最低的转速度下,上模板和下模板具有十分相似的硬度分布。采用EDX分析发现,焊核区的断裂面中含有Fe的化合物。     

Generative regular-freeform surface recognition for generating material removal volume from stock model

The present paper illustrates the development of generative surface recognition for regular and freeform. To obtain the final form of product, material removal volume generation from a stock model is also discussed. Only a few studies integrated the regular and freeform surfaces to provide a comprehensive definition of surface recognition as well as for the volumetric estimation of removal material in finishing and roughing operations. The current research deploys a comprehensive surface recognition approach that can recognise both regular and freeform surfaces based on the geometry as well as loop entity of a face. In contrast to the regular surface that can be categorised into a particular group of geometrical shape, such as cylindrical shape, the proposed approach enables the recognition of a freeform surface that cannot be defined as a generic geometrical shape. In addition, the new method also simplifies the existing surface recognition for regular surfaces. The material removal volumes created consist of machining volumes for finishing and roughing operations needed to be machined to obtain the final form of the product. The present research provides a unique user customisation feature that enables user to specify the volumetric thickness for material removal volume in the finishing operation as well as the size for the stock model. These estimated volumes are prepared for subsequent manufacturing applications, such as sequencing of machining operation.     

An approach for real world data modelling with the 3D terrestrial laser scanner for built environment

Capturing and modelling 3D information of the built environment is a big challenge. A number of techniques and technologies are now in use. These include EDM, GPS, and photogrammetric application and also remote sensing applications. In this paper, we discussed 3D laser scanning technology, which can acquire high density point data in an accurate, fast way. Besides, the scanner can digitize all the 3D information concerned with a real world object such as buildings, trees and terrain down to millimetre detail Therefore, it can provide benefits for refurbishment process in regeneration in the Built Environment.

A series of scans externally and internally allows an accurate 3D model of the building to be produced. This model can be sliced through different planes to produce accurate 2D plans and elevations. This novel technology improves the efficiency and quality of construction projects such as maintenance of buildings or group of building that are going to be renovated for new services in the Built Environment. In addition, the laser scanner technology can be used in integration with differential GPS for terrain modelling for the analysis and inspection of terrain structure accurately.

In this paper, two case studies are introduced to demonstrate the use of laser scanner technology in Built Environment. These case studies are the Jactin House Building in East Manchester and the Peel building in the campus of University Salford. Through these case studies, while use of laser scanners are explained, the integration of it with various technologies and systems are also explored for professionals in both Built and Natural Environment.     

Optimum lipid production using agro-industrial wastewater treated microalgae as biofuel substrate

Abundant wastewater discharges from palm oil industries in tropical nations being a valuable resource of biodiesel need proper exploration. Research hinted that such wastewater as economical nutrient source or substrate can support the cultivation of microalgae. In this experiment, we have tested the growth and lipid production of five different microalgal strains in palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME as a biofuel substrate is demonstrated to be lucrative for microalgae-assisted lipids production. POME is rich in macro- and micronutrients can be used as a growth medium for algal growth in order to reduce the growth medium cost and environmental pollutions. Among the five microalgal strains tested, Chlorella sorokiniana revealed optimum biomass and lipid production. The productivity was evaluated in terms of chlorophyll content, growth rate, biomass, and lipid content, which discerned to be 0.099/day, 8.0 mg/L day and 2.68 mg/mg cell dry weight (CDW). Furthermore, in this study, an optimization study was carried out to enhance the microalgae to produce high lipid content using carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and different light/dark periods. The presence of nitrogen combined glucose (with a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio 100:7) as an alternative source to carbon displayed higher lipid production of 2.68 (mg/mg CDW) by C. sorokiniana. This study confirms that 8:16 h light/dark condition at C:TN ratio of 100:7 supported to produce high lipid content of 17 mg lipid/mg CDW. The above results revealed that POME could be a suitable growth media for the alga C. sorokiniana to improve the maximum lipid yield for biofuels production.     

纳米TiO2对D16T铝合金微弧氧化膜耐磨性的影响及机理

目的 提高D16T铝合金的耐磨损性能。方法 通过向硅酸盐和磷酸盐混合电解液体系中添加2 g/L纳米TiO2添加剂,利用微弧氧化技术在其表面制备微弧氧化陶瓷膜。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱分析仪（EDS）、显微硬度计、厚度测试仪、摩擦磨损试验机等,研究了纳米TiO2添加剂对D16T铝合金微弧氧化膜的结构和耐磨损性能的影响及机理。结果 纳米TiO2的添加使得微弧氧化膜层的表面变得更加平整、致密,具有更少的微孔和裂纹,大大改善了膜层结构。相比于未添加纳米TiO2的电解液中制得的微弧氧化膜,在含纳米TiO2的电解液中所制得的微弧氧化膜中有新相TiO2生成,并且促使更多的α-Al2O3相和γ-Al2O3相生成,使膜层厚度得到明显增加,膜厚达31.2 μm,显微硬度也得到显著提高,达510HV。纳米TiO2的添加,降低了D16T微弧氧化膜层试样的摩擦系数,平均摩擦系数为0.45,明显低于不含纳米TiO2的D16T微弧氧化膜层试样的摩擦系数（0.75）。结论 加入到电解液中的纳米TiO2在微弧氧化反应过程中已进入到所形成的氧化膜层,并且填充了膜层中的微孔和裂纹,改善了膜层结构,增加了膜层厚度,显著提高了微弧氧化膜层的显微硬度和耐磨损性能。     

Spectroscopic studies of sol–gel grown CdS nanocrystalline thin films for optoelectronic devices

CdS is one of the highly photosensitive candidate of II–VI group semiconductor material. Therefore CdS has variety of applications in optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we have fabricated CdS nanocrystalline thin film on ultrasonically cleaned glass substrates using the sol–gel spin coating method. The structural and surface morphologies of the CdS thin film were investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) respectively. The surface morphology of thin films showed that the well covered substrate is without cracks, voids and hole. The round shape particle has been observed in SEM micrographs. The particles sizes of CdS nanocrystals from SEM were estimated to be～10–12 nm. Spectroscopic properties of thin films were investigated using the UV–vis spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy. The optical band gap of the CdS thin film was estimated by UV–vis spectroscopy. The average transmittance of CdS thin film in the visible region of solar spectrum found to be～85%. Optical band gap of CdS thin film was calculated from transmittance spectrum ～2.71 eV which is higher than bulk CdS (2.40 eV) material. This confirms the blue shifting in band edge of CdS nanocrystalline thin films. PL spectrum of thin films showed that the fundamental band edge emission peak centred at 459 nm also recall as green band emission.     

Nutratherapeutics approach against cancer: tomato‐mediated synthesised gold nanoparticles

In this study, an eco‐friendly biosynthesis of stable gold nanoparticles (T‐GNPs) was carried out using different concentrations of tomato juice (nutraceuticals) as a reducing agent and tetrachloroauric acid as a metal precursor to explore their potential application in cancer therapeutics. The synthesis of T‐GNPs was monitored by UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy, which unveiled their formation by exhibiting the typical surface plasmon absorption maxima at 522 nm. The size of T‐GNPs was found to be 10.86 ± 0.6 nm. T‐GNPs were characterised by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. T‐GNPs were further investigated for their anti‐cancer activity against human lung carcinoma cell line (A ₅₄₉) and human cervical cancer cell line wherein the IC₅₀ values were found to be 0.286 and 0.200 mM, respectively. T‐GNPs inhibited the growth of cancer cells by generating ROS and inducing apoptosis. T‐GNPs were found highly effective by virtue of their size, metallic property and capping molecules. Thus, this study opens up the prospects of using nutraceutical (tomato juice) as nutratherapeutic agent (T‐GNPs) against critical diseases like lung cancer and cervical cancer.Inspec keywords: gold, nanoparticles, particle size, cancer, ultraviolet spectra, visible spectra, electrokinetic effects, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, cellular biophysics, spectrochemical analysis, nanomedicine, nanofabricationOther keywords: tomato‐mediated synthesised gold nanoparticles, tomato juice, reducing agent, tetrachloroauric acid, cancer therapeutics, UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy, surface plasmon absorption, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, human lung carcinoma cell line, anticancer activity, human cervical cancer cell line, nutratherapeutic agent, lung cancer, Au