位错密度对大块Fe－3％Si单晶延－脆转变温度的影响

实验证明位错密度有两个量级差异的Ｆｅ－３％Ｓｉ单晶体的延－脆转变温度几乎不变，但与Ｆｅ－３％Ｓｉ多晶体的转变温度比较相去甚远。     

深井破碎围岩条件下煤巷锚杆构件合理配套

基于徐州矿区张小楼井24302工作面运输平巷的地质条件，在深井破碎围岩条件下进行了煤巷锚杆支护试验，介绍了锚网带索支护技术参数和不同构件配合支护的巷道矿压显现．根据顶板锚杆螺母撕裂和穿过托板与钢带导致的锚杆支护失效问题，在实验室完成了锚杆、托板、钢带和螺母等支护构件配合的力学性能试验．试验表明：直径20mm的螺纹钢锚杆杆体性能稳定，破断载荷均在186kN，杆体和螺母的螺纹配合完好，顶圆底四方螺母能与托板和钢带很好地配合，外接圆直径为38mm的六方螺母与托板和钢带不能很好地配合．深井高应力破碎围岩条件对锚杆支护系统中的锚杆、锚固剂、托板、钢带和螺母等构件的力学性能配合要求高，它们的力学性能应基于锚杆的破断力合理配套．     

准噶尔盆地乌夏地区稠油稠变阶段及其成藏特征分析

乌夏地区稠油分布于距油源玛湖凹陷远距离的断裂上盘中生界超覆尖灭带上,埋深浅,构造简单。表现出高密度、高粘度、高沥青质、高酸值、低蜡、较高凝固点的特征,体现了生物降解原油的基本特征。根据其饱和烃色质谱特征、生物标志化合物降解程度、三环萜烷和孕甾烷含量等将其降解稠变过程划分为4个阶段。长距离通过不整合面运移遭受水洗、生物降解是导致原油稠变的主要因素,其成藏主要与不整合和浅部正断层有关,在后期成藏中对油气有重要的封堵作用。     

前躯体浸渍法制备VO_x/Al_2O_3及其催化二甲醚制甲醛性能

采用前躯体浸渍法合成了VOx/Al2O3催化剂,并采用XRD、Uv-Vis、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD以及吡啶吸附红外等技术对催化剂材料的结构和性能进行了表征,同时考察了催化剂上二甲醚制备甲醛的反应性能。XRD的测试表明,V的氧化物在载体上处于高度分散状态,没有独立的V2O5晶相峰存在。Uv-Vis的测试表明,前躯体浸渍法制备的催化剂较之常规浸渍法制备的催化剂位于更高波数,因而VOx物种在载体表面的分散更加均一。H2-TPR的结果表明前躯体浸渍法制备的催化剂,相对更加容易还原,催化氧化能力更强。NH3-TPD以及吡啶吸附红外的结果表明前躯体浸渍法制备的催化剂相对具有较少的B酸和较弱的酸性。前躯体浸渍法制备的VOx/Al2O3催化剂在DME选择氧化制备甲醛的过程中,具有更高的甲醛的选择性和收率,选择催化的性能更佳。     

视觉文档图像中反渗噪声的去除方法

提出根据直方图特征去除视觉文档图像反渗噪声的方法.对于灰度直方图呈双峰特性的噪声图像,选取适当区域分别进行增强或归一化处理以达到去除反渗噪声的目的;而对于直方图呈单峰特性的含反渗噪声图像,建立了一种基于背景分离的新算法.实验结果表明,该方法可以有效去除视觉文档图像中的反渗噪声.     

电子自旋共振波谱法检测含骨类食品的初步研究

电子自旋共振(Electron spin resonance,ESR)波谱测定是检测含骨类食品自由基的有效方法之一.本工作研究了辐照诱导的含骨类食品的ESR波谱特征、样品制备方法及辐射剂量-效应关系.结果表明,辐照前后ESR波谱图形、g因子和△H皆有明显差异,据此很容易区分辐照与未辐照含骨类食品样品;冷冻干燥和磨碎是样品制备过程中的关键步骤;吸收剂量(0.3-10.1kGy)与ESR信号强度有良好的线性关系;ESR信号的相对强度还与动物种类有关.这为制定我国含骨类辐照食品的ESR检测方法标准提供了依据.     

Unraveling the genetic architecture of environmental variance of somatic cell score using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism and cow data from experimental farms

In recent years, it has been shown that not only is the phenotype under genetic control, but also the environmental variance. Very little, however, is known about the genetic architecture of environmental variance. The main objective of this study was to unravel the genetic architecture of the mean and environmental variance of somatic cell score (SCS) by identifying genome-wide associations for mean and environmental variance of SCS in dairy cows and by quantifying the accuracy of genome-wide breeding values. Somatic cell score was used because previous research has shown that the environmental variance of SCS is partly under genetic control and reduction of the variance of SCS by selection is desirable. In this study, we used 37,590 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes and 46,353 test-day records of 1,642 cows at experimental research farms in 4 countries in Europe. We used a genomic relationship matrix in a double hierarchical generalized linear model to estimate genome-wide breeding values and genetic parameters. The estimated mean and environmental variance per cow was used in a Bayesian multi-locus model to identify SNP associated with either the mean or the environmental variance of SCS. Based on the obtained accuracy of genome-wide breeding values, 985 and 541 independent chromosome segments affecting the mean and environmental variance of SCS, respectively, were identified. Using a genomic relationship matrix increased the accuracy of breeding values relative to using a pedigree relationship matrix. In total, 43 SNP were significantly associated with either the mean (22) or the environmental variance of SCS (21). The SNP with the highest Bayes factor was on chromosome 9 (Hapmap31053-BTA-111664) explaining approximately 3% of the genetic variance of the environmental variance of SCS. Other significant SNP explained less than 1% of the genetic variance. It can be concluded that fewer genomic regions affect the environmental variance of SCS than the mean of SCS, but genes with large effects seem to be absent for both traits.     

Inter-generational ties, financial transfers and home-ownership support

Home-ownership is transmitted between generations. Parental gifts form one of the mechanisms through which the intergenerational transmission of home-ownership takes place. Using the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study, we investigated the influence of parental and children’s resources and other characteristics on financial support from parents to children. A major independent variable was parental home-ownership. As dependent variables, we distinguished between financial support towards buying a home, and financial support in the form of gifts of € 5,000 or more ever received. By making this distinction, we could test whether homeowner parents were particularly likely to help their children become homeowners rather than giving other types of financial help. The results did not indicate such specific gift-giving: parental home-ownership was just as important to other types of monetary support as to home-ownership support. However, the distance to the place where the adult child had grown up was negatively associated with receiving home-ownership support but not with receiving other financial transfers.     

Haptic shared control: smoothly shifting control authority?

Literature points to persistent issues in human-automation interaction, which are caused either when the human does not understand the automation or when the automation does not understand the human. Design guidelines for human-automation interaction aim to avoid such issues and commonly agree that the human should have continuous interaction and communication with the automation system and its authority level and should retain final authority. This paper argues that haptic shared control is a promising approach to meet the commonly voiced design guidelines for human-automation interaction, especially for automotive applications. The goal of the paper is to provide evidence for this statement, by discussing several realizations of haptic shared control found in literature. We show that literature provides ample experimental evidence that haptic shared control can lead to short-term performance benefits (e.g., faster and more accurate vehicle control; lower levels of control effort; reduced demand for visual attention). We conclude that although the continuous intuitive physical interaction inherent in haptic shared control is expected to reduce long-term issues with human-automation interaction, little experimental evidence for this is provided. Therefore, future research on haptic shared control should focus more on issues related to long-term use such as trust, overreliance, dependency on the system, and retention of skills.