AFM氮化硅纳米探针研制

在〈100〉晶向硅片上通过各向异性腐蚀形成作为模板的倒金字塔形尖坑, 用LPCVD和PECVD法淀积一层约 1 μm厚的氮化硅膜, 通过等离子刻蚀形成悬臂梁图形,再把抛光玻璃片静电键合到氮化硅膜上, 最后把衬底硅片腐蚀掉,带有金字塔形针尖的悬臂梁就暴露出来,从而构成可用于原子力显微镜(AFM)描绘纳米图像的氮化硅纳米探针.对针尖的尖度和氮化硅膜悬臂梁的热应力补偿进行了深入研讨, 并报道一种特殊而有效的悬臂梁掩模板图形的新设计.制成的氮化硅纳米探针在原子力显微镜上成功地描绘出了纳米图像, 经检测, 其 Z向偏转检测精度优于10-9量级.     

碱性pH对马鲛鱼肌球蛋白热聚集行为的影响

为探究碱性条件下pH对马鲛鱼肌球蛋白热聚集行为的影响,以马鲛鱼肌球蛋白为研究对象,探究在加热条件下pH（7.0、8.0、9.0）对肌球蛋白的结构和理化性质（溶解度、浊度、二级结构、总巯基含量、表面疏水性）的影响,未加热组作为空白对照组。结果表明：对照组肌球蛋白在pH（7.0、8.0、9.0）下溶解度从68.00%升高到82.00%、浊度变化不明显;加热组则有较大差异,溶解度从30.00%增加到94.00%,浊度吸光值从0.49降低到0.23;加热组pH 9.0的肌球蛋白α-螺旋含量减少,在所有组中含量最低,为45.60%,β-折叠含量增加,为10.60%;加热组的巯基含量呈下降趋势,由70.45 nmol/mg减少到50.11 nmol/mg,碱性pH下的蛋白质有助于巯基向分子间和分子内二硫键的转化;随着pH值的增加,对照组肌球蛋白的表面疏水性系数依次增加,而加热组下降,但加热组肌球蛋白的表面疏水性系数仍然远高于对照组。综上所述,通过探究碱性条件下肌球蛋白热聚集体的性质,有助于对其热聚集进行调控,获得一种热稳定性较好的肌球蛋白溶液,对以后研究其作为乳化剂添加到食品中有重要意义。     

Health and growth of veal calves fed milk replacers with or without probiotics

Four experiments with 1-wk-old veal calves were conducted to assess the influence of probiotics on growth and health indicators. In experiments 1 and 2, the liquid probiotic supplements were administered daily from experimental d 1 to 15. The treatment period in experiments 3 and 4 was extended to 56 d. The probiotics used were a multispecies probiotic (MSPB) containing different probiotic species of human origin, or a calf-specific probiotic (CSPB) containing 6 Lactobacillus species isolated from calf feces and selected on the basis of a combination of characteristics.When the data for the 4 experiments were pooled, the probiotics enhanced growth rate during the first 2 wk. During the 8-wk experimental period, average daily gain and feed efficiency were significantly improved in the probiotic-treated groups. The MSPB-induced increase in weight gain was greater when the control calves were considered less healthy based on a health score (an index of diarrhea and therapeutic treatments). Probiotic treatment tended to diminish mortality. The CSPB treatment reduced the incidence of diarrhea and the fecal counts of coliforms. When therapeutic treatment was intensive in the control calves, the ingestion of probiotics reduced the percentage of calves that required therapy and the amount of treatments needed against digestive or respiratory diseases. There was no clear difference in the efficiency of the MSPB and CSPB preparations. Further research is necessary to identify underlying mechanisms and to evaluate the potential of probiotics to improve respiratory health in veal calf production.     

需求弹性对发电系统可靠性的影响

在电力市场环境下,由于负荷需求弹性的存在,面对电价的波动,用户可适时调整负荷计划,改变实际负荷曲线,从而直接影响发电系统可靠性的计算。构筑考虑需求弹性的电价负反馈模型,通过对IEEE30节点系统进行计算,研究了需求弹性对发电系统可靠性的影响,也即对电源充裕度的影响。     

分布式参数输电线路电磁暂态分析新方法

根据函数逼近原理,输电线路的电报方程可以整理为一组正交基的线性组合。文章采用Daubechies正交基,经过投影变换,映像到与依赖于时间变量的和建立在确定架构的函数空间,与输电线路的电压和电流相关的微分方程被转换为代数矢量方程。从而,建立起每一单元的投影等效模型,然后可以在投映域中对输电系统的暂态进行计算。利用EMTP仿真验证了所建议的方法。     

Longitudinal analysis of the formation and realisation of preferences to move into homeownership in the Netherlands

This study investigates how life course characteristics and housing market circumstances affect the formation and realisation of preferences to move into homeownership. Using a data set from the Netherlands in which data from three cross-sectional housing surveys are enriched with longitudinal register data for the period 1998–2008, we follow aspiring homeowners regarding their actual residential behaviour. We find that only 31 % of the aspiring homeowners became homeowners within 2 years, approximately 13 % moved to rental homes, and the vast majority did not move at all. Insufficient socioeconomic resources and a high house price-to-rent ratio hamper the realisation of preferences to move into homeownership. However, these hampering factors are at least as important as the extent to which individuals prefer to move into homeownership. This last finding suggests that housing tenure preferences cannot be viewed as ‘pure’ preferences.     

电子自旋共振波谱法检测含骨类食品的初步研究

电子自旋共振(Electron spin resonance,ESR)波谱测定是检测含骨类食品自由基的有效方法之一.本工作研究了辐照诱导的含骨类食品的ESR波谱特征、样品制备方法及辐射剂量-效应关系.结果表明,辐照前后ESR波谱图形、g因子和△H皆有明显差异,据此很容易区分辐照与未辐照含骨类食品样品;冷冻干燥和磨碎是样品制备过程中的关键步骤;吸收剂量(0.3-10.1kGy)与ESR信号强度有良好的线性关系;ESR信号的相对强度还与动物种类有关.这为制定我国含骨类辐照食品的ESR检测方法标准提供了依据.     

新疆东天山灵北地区康南岩体岩石学#br# 特征及其构造意义

研究区位于新疆东天山觉罗塔格造山带吐哈盆地以南百灵山以北,多年来对于研究区古生代构造背景的认识受前人热议,存在争议。通过对研究区新发现基性岩体的岩石、地球化学特征与构造背景进行探讨,以期为大区域构造背景的研究提供一定的数据支持。主量元素研究表明,康南岩体具有高Mg、Fe,低Al的特征,说明研究区基性侵入岩为碱性岩石系列。微量元素测试结果表明具有同源演化的特征,Rb、Hf元素亏损较为严重。K、Ba、P、Sm富集明显,Tb、Nb、Ti表现为弱异常,在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图中Eu的负异常不明显,表现为弱的正异常, Yb+Nb-Rb构造环境判别图解中样品落在“后碰撞”环境内,以上特征说明具有岛弧花岗岩的基本特征。岩性为深灰绿色弱蚀变细粒橄榄辉绿岩。     

Water Sorption and Diffusion in (Reduced) Graphene Oxide‐Alginate Biopolymer Nanocomposites

The water sorption and diffusion in (reduced) graphene oxide‐alginate composites of various compositions is analyzed. Water sorption of sodium alginate can be significantly reduced by the inclusion of graphene oxide sheets due to the formation of an extensive hydrogen bonding network between oxygenated groups. Crosslinking alginate with divalent metal ions and the presence of reduced graphene oxide can further improve the swelling resistance due to the strong interactions between metal ions, alginate, and filler sheets. Depending on conditions and composition, the overall water barrier properties of alginate composites improve upon (reduced) graphene oxide filling, making them attractive for moisture barrier coating applications. Water sorption kinetics in all alginate composites indicate a non‐Fickian diffusion process that can be accurately described by the Variable Surface Concentration model. In addition, the water barrier properties of sodium alginate‐graphene oxide composites can be adequately predicted using a simple model that takes the orientational order of filler sheets and their effective aspect ratio into account.