SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF VITAMIN B1 ON SANITIZER AND DISINFECTANT TREATMENTS FOR REDUCTION OF BACILLUS CEREUS IN RICE

The synergistic bactericidal effects of vitamin B₁ (thiamine dilauryl sulfate) and the efficacy of commercial sanitizers for minimization of Bacillus cereus contamination in cooked rice were investigated. Sanitizer-treated rice exhibited a greater reduction than water-treated rice, while sanitizer-treated rice with Vitamin B₁ produced an even greater reduction. The treatments for B. cereus in rice included (1) 100 ppm hydrogen peroxide with 500 ppm vitamin B₁; (2) 200 ppm hydrogen peroxide with 100 ppm vitamin B₁; (3) 400 ppm hydrogen peroxide; (4) 50 ppm chlorine with 500 ppm vitamin B₁; (5) 60 ppm chlorine with 300 ppm vitamin B₁; (6) 70 ppm chlorine with 100 ppm vitamin B₁; (7) 80 ppm chlorine; and (8) 100,000 ppm ethanol with 500 vitamin B_1. All treatments completely eliminated B. cereus in rice. The sensory properties of all sanitizer-treated cooked rice did not differ significantly from the same properties for water-treated cooked rice.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The prevalence of Bacillus cereus in rice and rice products has been documented and control of the growth of B. cereus in rice is an important consideration. The results obtained from this study can be of use to rice producers in the manufacture of safe products. Although chemical disinfectants can be used to reduce the amount of B. cereus in rice, vitamin B₁ can also be used as an effective additive that reduces the amount of disinfectant use via a synergistic antimicrobial effect. The increasing use of chemical disinfectants for safety in the food industry can be reversed using our method.     

茶叶辐照的热释光分析研究

不采用二次辐照,将TL 分析法应用于辐照茶叶的定性鉴定。分离并收集茶叶中黏附的硅酸盐,采用热释光剂量仪测量获得硅酸盐的热释光发光曲线,比较未辐照与辐照不同剂量茶叶的热释光发光曲线的积分强度、峰值和峰值温度等特征参数。未辐照茶叶的热释光发光曲线的积分强度小于50、峰值小于0.4、峰值温度大于260℃;反之,辐照茶叶的热释光发光曲线的积分强度大于50000、峰值大于600、峰值温度位于160～190℃。TL 分析法能判别出茶叶的辐照与否,尤其对不能满足参比剂量辐照条件的样品很有帮助。     

Health and growth of veal calves fed milk replacers with or without probiotics

Four experiments with 1-wk-old veal calves were conducted to assess the influence of probiotics on growth and health indicators. In experiments 1 and 2, the liquid probiotic supplements were administered daily from experimental d 1 to 15. The treatment period in experiments 3 and 4 was extended to 56 d. The probiotics used were a multispecies probiotic (MSPB) containing different probiotic species of human origin, or a calf-specific probiotic (CSPB) containing 6 Lactobacillus species isolated from calf feces and selected on the basis of a combination of characteristics.When the data for the 4 experiments were pooled, the probiotics enhanced growth rate during the first 2 wk. During the 8-wk experimental period, average daily gain and feed efficiency were significantly improved in the probiotic-treated groups. The MSPB-induced increase in weight gain was greater when the control calves were considered less healthy based on a health score (an index of diarrhea and therapeutic treatments). Probiotic treatment tended to diminish mortality. The CSPB treatment reduced the incidence of diarrhea and the fecal counts of coliforms. When therapeutic treatment was intensive in the control calves, the ingestion of probiotics reduced the percentage of calves that required therapy and the amount of treatments needed against digestive or respiratory diseases. There was no clear difference in the efficiency of the MSPB and CSPB preparations. Further research is necessary to identify underlying mechanisms and to evaluate the potential of probiotics to improve respiratory health in veal calf production.     

碱性pH对马鲛鱼肌球蛋白热聚集行为的影响

为探究碱性条件下pH对马鲛鱼肌球蛋白热聚集行为的影响,以马鲛鱼肌球蛋白为研究对象,探究在加热条件下pH（7.0、8.0、9.0）对肌球蛋白的结构和理化性质（溶解度、浊度、二级结构、总巯基含量、表面疏水性）的影响,未加热组作为空白对照组。结果表明：对照组肌球蛋白在pH（7.0、8.0、9.0）下溶解度从68.00%升高到82.00%、浊度变化不明显;加热组则有较大差异,溶解度从30.00%增加到94.00%,浊度吸光值从0.49降低到0.23;加热组pH 9.0的肌球蛋白α-螺旋含量减少,在所有组中含量最低,为45.60%,β-折叠含量增加,为10.60%;加热组的巯基含量呈下降趋势,由70.45 nmol/mg减少到50.11 nmol/mg,碱性pH下的蛋白质有助于巯基向分子间和分子内二硫键的转化;随着pH值的增加,对照组肌球蛋白的表面疏水性系数依次增加,而加热组下降,但加热组肌球蛋白的表面疏水性系数仍然远高于对照组。综上所述,通过探究碱性条件下肌球蛋白热聚集体的性质,有助于对其热聚集进行调控,获得一种热稳定性较好的肌球蛋白溶液,对以后研究其作为乳化剂添加到食品中有重要意义。     

辐照对蜂蜜中残留氯霉素和理化指标的影响

以蜂蜜为实验对象,60Coγ射线辐照9.3kGy剂量,比较辐照前后蜂蜜中残留氯霉素和理化指标的变化.结果表明:蜂蜜中氯霉素浓度从93.07μg/kg降低至0.82μg/kg,降解率达99.12%;羟甲基糠醛含量从23.93mg/kg降低至4.86mg/kg,降低了80%;辐照对蜂蜜水分、灰分、酸度、淀粉酶活性、还原糖和蔗糖含量等理化指标无明显影响.本研究证明辐照技术降低蜂蜜中残留的氯霉素是可行的,为解决当前蜂产品的质量安全问题提供有力的技术支撑.     

Electrical double-layer capacitors: evaluation of ageing phenomena during cycle life testing

This paper represents an assessment of the main ageing phenomena in electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). In this study the cycle life of the EDLC cells with a rated capacitance of 1,600 F has been investigated at different ambient temperatures and current rates. From the experimental results we can observe that the impact of the high ambient temperature is significant on the cycle life of the cells. Moreover, the results also show the negative impact of the current rate. The internal resistance tests showed that the increase of the resistance is much higher than the decrease of the capacitance. Thus, the ageing of the EDLC during cycling was clearly non-linear. Further the EIS measurements indicated the higher increase of the imaginary part of the impedance at low frequencies during cycling, which indicates the capacitance fade.     

辐照食品分析检测技术的研究进展

本文介绍了国内外辐照食品检测技术的研究进展，着重对化学分析法、电子自旋共振(ESR)法及热释光分析(TL)法进行了阐述，并对今后辐照食品检测技术的研究提出了建议。     

Water Sorption and Diffusion in (Reduced) Graphene Oxide‐Alginate Biopolymer Nanocomposites

The water sorption and diffusion in (reduced) graphene oxide‐alginate composites of various compositions is analyzed. Water sorption of sodium alginate can be significantly reduced by the inclusion of graphene oxide sheets due to the formation of an extensive hydrogen bonding network between oxygenated groups. Crosslinking alginate with divalent metal ions and the presence of reduced graphene oxide can further improve the swelling resistance due to the strong interactions between metal ions, alginate, and filler sheets. Depending on conditions and composition, the overall water barrier properties of alginate composites improve upon (reduced) graphene oxide filling, making them attractive for moisture barrier coating applications. Water sorption kinetics in all alginate composites indicate a non‐Fickian diffusion process that can be accurately described by the Variable Surface Concentration model. In addition, the water barrier properties of sodium alginate‐graphene oxide composites can be adequately predicted using a simple model that takes the orientational order of filler sheets and their effective aspect ratio into account.

     

尾盐水兑卤试验研究

对钾肥生产车间排出的高钾含量尾盐水进行了回收钾的兑卤试验,结果表明,在高温季节按7∶1～8∶1的比例兑卤,可满足工艺回收钾的要求.     

一种跨公司航天软件缺陷预测方法

为提高航天软件测试的效率和质量,针对同公司航天软件数量少、研制周期长的特点,提出了一种跨公司航天软件缺陷预测方法。从航天软件背景信息复杂、规模大、功能独立等特征出发,提出基于静态分类缺陷预测的模型构建思想。引入迁移学习方法,利用最近邻分类器和数据引力模型,对训练数据的分布特征进行修正,提高训练数据与目标数据的相似性;为提高模型的泛化能力以适应目标数据的多样性,提出在训练数据中加入少量目标数据用于模型训练。将该方法在实际工程中进行应用,实验结果表明,与已有软件缺陷预测方法相比,该方法在保持较低误报率（不高于0.3）的情况下可有效提高召回率（接近0.6）,整体可信度得到有效增强（G- measure超过0.6）,方法稳定度高,泛化能力较强;本方法在实际工程中对测试规模影响可控,测试效率得到提高。