彻底的无残留过滤 新型翻袋过滤器式离心机优化性能提升过滤效果

通过将滤布翻转过来的方法将过滤出来的固体物质排出，这一获取高价值过滤材料的基本方法30多年来一直被成功使用，没有改变。然而现在一切似乎都在悄悄地发生着变化，本文所介绍的德国Heinkel公司第三代翻袋过滤器式离心机就印证了这种变化。     

Synthesis and characterization of a Zr‐containing silicate‐based epoxy‐functional polymer nanocomposite system

As a continuation of efforts to explore the potential of certain types of polymer nanocomposites to be successful candidates as dental restoration/adhesion materials, a Zr‐containing and organically modified silicate‐based material system with epoxy functionality was prepared by use of a sol–gel synthesis method, and UV light‐ and visible light (VL)‐curing processes. Comparative influences of the synthesis and processing parameters on the mechanical, thermal, and microstructural/nanostructural properties of the system were detailed. Zr‐containing species proved to more effectively catalyze the epoxy polymerization/crosslinking reactions than those containing Ti. Incorporation of Zr into the nanocomposite network led to significantly advanced mechanical properties. An elastic (Young's) modulus value of 23 MPa was achieved. The system with relatively high Zr content was successfully obtained, which also had higher thermal stability. Overall observations and results suggested that Zr content, and the UV light‐ or VL‐curing process could be capitalized on to modify the structure, and to improve the final properties of these material systems, which indicated a prospective opportunity for this material system to be utilized in dental restoration/adhesion applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:792–798, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Efficient Modular Synthesis of Isomeric Mono‐ and Bispyridyl[2.2]paracyclophanes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐ Coupling Reactions

Pyridyl‐substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes build a multifunctional structural motif that is useful in material chemistry, catalysis and for luminescent structures. Nonetheless, there is still a lack of general methods for the synthesis of these structures tolerating easily accessible bromides as well as different isomeric pyridyl groups. Hence the coupling of functionalized [2.2]paracyclophanes with various substituted and functionalized pyridyl derivatives was achieved using Stille, Suzuki and Kumada coupling conditions. Hereby the Stille coupling of a [2.2]paracyclophane is presented as a versatile reaction for the formation of heteromeric [2.2]paracyclophane‐containing biaryl structures.

     

Propolis and carnauba wax-based safflower oil oleogels as fat substitutes in cakes: Production,oxidative stability,and characterization

In this study, safflower oil oleogels were made using propolis wax and carnauba wax in three different concentrations each, and their effectiveness as a fat substitute in cake was evaluated afterward. Oleogels' oxidative stability and characterization were looked into. In oleogels, the oil binding capacity, solid fat content, and crystallization time were all assessed. The cakes underwent an examination for moisture content, texture, and sensory evaluation. Additionally, analyses of fatty acid composition, free fatty acidity, oxidative stability (peroxide value, conjugated diene-triene), 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), and glycidyl were carried out both before and after baking in oleogels and shortening. Several of the physical, textural, and sensory qualities of the oleogel-based cakes were acceptable when compared to those of the shortening-based cakes. The general acceptability of cakes made with carnauba wax was very high and almost under control. The acceptability of cakes made with propolis wax oleogels was lower than this. The study of these criteria has shown that safflower oil-based carnauba and propolis wax oleogels can be utilized to produce high-quality, healthful cakes with a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Practical Applications : To replace fat phases in cake products high in saturated fatty acids and to enhance the fatty acid profile of the cakes, safflower oil-based oleogels with propolis wax and carnauba wax are a very good option. The results obtained provide useful information for the production of high-quality cakes with higher unsaturated fatty acid content, recommended for a healthier diet, with these oleogels containing different concentrations of oleogelator.     

Light‐curing of a sol–gel‐derived silicate‐based epoxy‐functional polymer nanocomposite material system

In an effort to explore the potential of certain types of polymer nanocomposites to be successful candidates as dental restoration/adhesion materials, a Ti‐ or Zr‐containing and organically modified silicate‐based material system with epoxy functionality was prepared by use of a sol–gel synthesis method, and ultraviolet light‐ and visible light (VL)‐curing processes. Comparative influences of certain synthesis/processing parameters on the properties of the system were detailed. It was shown that both Ti‐ and Zr‐containing species could play significant roles in determining the structure and hence the properties of the nanocomposites. VL‐curing was demonstrated to be a relatively advantageous process that could be employed in applications such as dental restoration/adhesion. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were shown to be promisingly high. Overall observations and results indicated a prospective opportunity for this material system to be utilized in dental restoration/adhesion applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1879–1887, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Removal of copper(II) and cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solutions by biosorption onto pine cone

In this study, the removal of copper(II) and cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solutions by biosorption onto pine cone was studied. Variables that affect the biosorption process such as pH, biosorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, contact time and temperature of solution were optimized. Experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin Radushkevich and Temkin isotherm models to investigate the equilibrium isotherms. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were used to determine the biosorption mechanism. The thermodynamics of biosorption were studied for predicting the nature of biosorption. Experimental results showed that pine cone could be evaluated as an alternative precursor for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions, due to its high biosorption capacity, availability, and low cost.     

A new feature encoding scheme for HIV-1 protease cleavage site prediction

HIV-1 protease has been the subject of intense research for deciphering HIV-1 virus replication process for decades. Knowledge of the substrate specificity of HIV-1 protease will enlighten the way of development of HIV-1 protease inhibitors. In the prediction of HIV-1 protease cleavage site techniques, various feature encoding techniques and machine learning algorithms have been used frequently. In this paper, a new feature amino acid encoding scheme is proposed to predict HIV-1 protease cleavage sites. In the proposed method, we combined orthonormal encoding and Taylor’s venn-diagram. We used linear support vector machines as the classifier in the tests. We also analyzed our technique by comparing some feature encoding techniques. The tests are carried out on PR-1625 and PR-3261 datasets. Experimental results show that our amino acid encoding technique leads to better classification performance than other encoding techniques on a standalone classifier.     

Determination of Coal Rank by Fuzzy Logic: A Case Study of Coal from Central Anatolia,Turkey

Koyunagili coalfield in the Beypazari basin of the Central Anatolia was investigated and coal ranks were determined using fuzzy Mamdani model based on ASTM coal rank classification. This is a pilot study to investigate the applicability of the fuzzy model to determine the ranking of any coal seam. The Koyunagili coalfield, which is located at the southern part of the Beypazari basin, consists of the late Miocene coal seam within the tuffaceous rocks. The mineable coal seam is split by a 0.5–0.55 m thick clayey limestone into the upper (1.2–1.3 m thick) and lower (0.4 m thick) benches. A total of 28 profile coal samples from underground mines were collected. The samples have an average of 30.9% moisture (as-received), 23% ash yield, and 2.9% total sulphur and 4167 kcal/kg gross calorific value on an air-dried basis. Mean random reflectance values of huminite have an average of 0.34%, and show no differences across the coalfield. Coal ranking has been determined by the fuzzy Mamdani model. During processing, fixed carbon content (FCC), volatile matter values (VMV), calorific value (CV), and vitrinite/huminite reflectance (Ro %) parameters are inputs, and a total of 10 rules are used for the model. Modeling results are consistent with the previous studies.