Thermal solution of Kashpir shale in pressurized benzene under supercritical conditions

The results of the thermal solution of oil shale in benzene in a flow unit under supercritical conditions are reported. It was found that the conversion of shale organic matter into liquid products increased by a factor of 2.5 with an increase in the solvent pressure from 5 to 15 MPa.     

SHS of shape memory CuZnAl alloys

Aiming at preparation of shape memory alloys (SMAs), we explored the SHS of Cu_{1 − x} Zn_{1 − y} Al_{1 − z} alloys (0.29 < x < 0.30, 0.74 < y < 0.75, and 0.83 < z < 0.96). The most pronounced shape memory effect was exhibited by the alloys of the following compositions (wt %): (1) Cu(70.6)Zn(25.4)Al(4.0), (2) Cu(70.1)Zn(25.9)Al(4.0), and (3) Cu(69.9)Zn(26.1)Al(4.0). The effect of process parameters on the synthesis of CuZnAl alloys was studied by XRD, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The grain size of CuZnAl was found to depend on the relative amount of the primary CuZn and AlZn phases. Changes in the transformation temperature and heat of transformation are discussed in terms of ignition intensity and compaction. Mechanism of the process depends on the level of the temperature attained relative to the melting point of components. At the melting point of AlZn, the process is controlled by the solid-state diffusion of AlZn into a product layer. The ignition temperature for this system depends on the temperature of the austenite-martensite transformation in CuZnAl alloys. The composition and structure of the products was found to markedly depend on process parameters. The SHS technique has been successfully used to prepare a variety of SMAs.      

Removal of impurities from liquid solutions by vacuum desorption with solvent evaporation

Mass transfer with solvent evaporation in the vapor-liquid two-phase film evaporators used for the removal of undesirable impurities from liquid solutions at low pressure is studied. The average concentrations of solution components in the falling liquid film are determined. The most efficient operating conditions for impurity removal, in which the resistance to mass transfer is concentrated in the liquid phase, are found. Original Russian Text ? V.N. Babak, T.B. Babak, L.P. Kholpanov, 2008, published in Teoreticheskie Osnovy Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, 2008, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 654–670.     

Some sulfides of gold and silver: Composition,mineral mineral assemblage,and conditions of formation

Characteristic mineral assemblage and special features of the composition of Au and Ag sulfides of gold-silver deposits have been established. The forms of the occurrence of Au and Ag in the minerals of the early and last stages have been analyzed. The conditions for the formation of uytenbogaardtite and petrovskaite in supergene and low-temperature hydrothermal processes have been considered. A thermodynamic model explaining their genesis in the oxidation zones is presented.     

Kinetics of the reaction of olefin synthesis from methanol and dimethyl ether

The kinetics of the reaction of olefin synthesis from dimethyl ether and methanol is studied. A kinetic model of the nine-route reaction under study is constructed. The constants of the model are estimated using experimental data. The adequacy of the model to the results of experiments is shown     

Highly heat-resistant mullite-silicon carbide materials

Cross-linking additions of silicon carbide and waste material from ferroalloy production make it possible to increase the heat-resistance index for mullite-containing refractories. For briquette specimens based on a charge containing aluminum powder it reaches 45 thermal cycles (1300°C – water). Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 11, pp. 44–46, November 2008.     

Corundum concretes based on modified phosphate-containing binders

Physicotechnical properties are provided for concretes based on mechanically-activated phosphate suspensions previously modified with magnesium and aluminum hydroxides and silicic acid. The results obtained demonstrate the efficiency of using modifying additions in order to increase the strength and heat resistance of corundum concretes. Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 5, pp. 32–35, May 2008.     

Rehabilitation of the radioactively contaminated objects and territory of the Russian Science Center Kurchatov Institute

This article is devoted to work done in 2002–2006 as part of the unified project Reabilitatsiya to rehabilitate radiation hazardous objects and sections of the radioactively contaminated territory of the Russian Science Center Kurchatov Institute. The main objects of the rehabilitation work were old storage sites built for radioactive wastes on the territory of the Institute when military and civilian nuclear technologies were under development. The structural features of the storage sites, including the volumes and characteristics of the wastes stored, are presented. The salient aspects of the disposal sites, taken into account during the rehabilitation work, are discussed. The organization of the rehabilitation operations and the sequence in which they are performed, the special features of the technical design solutions used, the technological methods, and ways for conducting the work are described. __________ Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 102, No. 5, pp. 300–306, May, 2007.     

Optical properties of doped bismuth telluride crystals in the region of plasma effects

The optical properties of bismuth telluride crystals doped with donor-and acceptor-type impurities are studied. The fact that energy corresponding to the resonance frequency of plasma oscillations of free charge carriers (plasmons) approaches the band-gap energy is detected in the infrared spectral region, where the main elementary excitations in the electronic system of these materials are observed. The mentioned approach of energies varies the intensity of electron-plasmon interaction, which affects the recombination processes in the materials widely used for the fabrication of thermoelectric energy converters.     

Lean philosophy: implementation in a forging company

This research addresses the implementation of lean philosophy in a forging company with a focus on radial forging production flow lines. Here, the prime motive is to evolve and test several strategies to eliminate waste on the shop floor. In this research, a systematic approach is suggested for the implementation of lean principles. This paper describes an application of value stream mapping (VSM). Consequently, the present and future states of value stream maps are constructed to improve the production process by identifying waste and its sources. Furthermore, Taguchi’s method of design of experiments is pursued here to minimize the forging defects produced due to imperfect operating conditions. A noticeable reduction in set-up time and work-in-process (WIP) inventory level is substantiated. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of managerial implications and the future scope of research.