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排序方式: 共有218条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
11.
Nasim Mia Kuljeet Singh James Polson Luciano Lisi Evan Willemsen Yulin Hu 《加拿大化工杂志》2024,102(2):585-606
Hydrogen (H2) is a clean energy carrier widely used in oil refineries, fertilizers, chemicals, and steel manufacturing. Presently, the majority of H2 is produced from either steam methane reforming of natural gas or coal gasification; however, these technologies result in a massive amount of CO2 emission. Alternatively, the use of photocatalysts for producing H2 via water splitting is an eco-friendly and sustainable approach, among which the selection of highly efficient, stable, and cheap photocatalysts is the key. In this review, Znln2S4-based photocatalysts are thoroughly described in terms of the fundamentals and thermodynamics of water splitting, fabrication methods, and different heterostructure photocatalytic systems. After this, recent developments in the large-scale implementation of photocatalytic reactors are discussed. Finally, a summary of future research directions and major conclusions is provided. With proper modification, such as heterojunction systems and the selection of proper fabrication methods, Znln2S4-based photocatalysts could be superior materials for water splitting. In short, this review article could offer meaningful and useful insights and guidance for the development of Znln2S4-based photocatalysts in water splitting for producing H2 under visible light. 相似文献
12.
H Thomas MM Nasim CE Sarraf MR Alison S Love HE Lambert P Price 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,71(2):357-362
The measurement of tumour cell proliferation is becoming increasingly recognised in defining prognostic groups. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunolocalisation can be used as an index of cell proliferation and may define the extent of departure from normal growth control. The monoclonal antibody PC10 stains PCNA in archival paraffin-embedded tissue. This study investigates its potential as a prognostic marker in early and advanced ovarian cancer. A three-stage immunoperoxidase technique was developed to detect the monoclonal antibody PC10. Archival paraffin-embedded tissue from 19 stage I ovarian tumours (13 malignant and six borderline) and 79 advanced (stage IIb-IV) ovarian tumours (patients entered into the Third North-West Thames Ovarian Cancer Trial) was immunostained with PC10. PC10 immunostaining was performed successfully in 91.8% of cases. The PC10 labelling index (PC10 LI) ranged from 1.5% to 88% with a mean value of 47.4%. Stage I borderline tumours had significantly lower PCNA labelling indexes than stage I malignant tumours (P < 0.048). In advanced disease there was an inverse correlation between PC10 and overall survival, and in those patients who underwent good debulking surgery (37 patients with disease < 2 cm diameter) a low PC10 value (< 36.5%) correlated with improved survival (log-rank trend test for survival, chi 2 = 5.75, P = 0.017). PCNA immunostaining defines a good prognostic subgroup in adequately debulked patients with ovarian cancer. 相似文献
13.
Nasim Paryab Hamid Jahed Amir Khajepour 《Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention》2009,9(2):159-170
Determination of the failure mechanisms of mechanical devices is the key to the design of reliable products. This paper reports
an investigation on creep and fatigue failure of microelectromechanical (MEMS) thermal actuators. Finite element modeling
is used to predict thermomechanical behavior of actuators under low to moderate voltage differences. The modeling results
are compared with experimental results to evaluate the models. Two probable failure modes associated with thermal actuators,
that is, fatigue and creep, are investigated, and it is found that creep is the dominant failure mechanism. The creep behaviors
of several U-shape and double hot arm thermal MEMS actuators are examined, and their deformation-time curves are obtained
numerically and experimentally. The curves follow a typical three-stage creep curve usually observed in metals. The creep
life cycles of the devices are compared on the basis of their stress and temperature distributions. This study shows that
actuators with the maximum temperature occurring at the location where the high stress is induced have shorter life spans
than those experiencing the high stress away from the maximum temperature location. It is concluded that the double hot arm
actuators with equal length have longer creep life than the U-shape (single hot arm) actuators. 相似文献
14.
15.
Nasim Bakir Andrey Gumenyuk Michael Rethmeier 《Science & Technology of Welding & Joining》2018,23(3):234-240
In recent years, laser beam welding has found wide applications in many industrial fields. Solidification cracks are one of the most frequently encountered welding defects that hinder obtaining a safe weld joint. Decades of research have shown that one of the main causes of such cracks are the strain and the strain rate. Obtaining meaningful measurements of these strains has always been a major challenge for scientists, because of the specific environment of the measurement range and the many obstacles, as well as the high temperature and the plasma plume. In this study, a special experimental setup with a high-speed camera was employed to measure the strain during the welding process. The hot cracking susceptibility was investigated for 1.4301 stainless steel, and the critical strain required for solidification crack formation was locally and globally determined. 相似文献
16.
Z. G. Liu A. Kashef G. Crampton G. Lougheed Y. Ko G. Hadjisophocleous Kathleen H. Almand 《Fire Technology》2010,46(3):697-718
Fire detection systems play a crucial role in ensuring safe evacuation and firefighting operations in road tunnels, but information
on the performance of these systems in tunnels has been limited and guidelines for their application in tunnel environments
are not fully developed. Recently, the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the Fire Protection Research Foundation
completed a 2-year international research project, with the support of private- and public-sector organizations, to determine
some of the strengths and weaknesses of the various types of fire detection systems and the factors that can affect their
performance in tunnel environments. The project included both laboratory and field fire tests combined with computer modeling
studies. Although this research was conducted on road tunnels, the findings should apply to other tunnels, such as those used
in subway systems. As part of the project, the NRC conducted two series of tests in the Carleton University-NRC tunnel facility
to investigate the performance of detection systems under minimal and longitudinal airflow conditions. In addition, NRC conducted
tests in the Carré-Viger Tunnel in Montréal, as well as a computer modeling study. The project studied nine fire detection
systems that covered five types of currently available technologies. The performance of the detection systems, including response
times and ability to locate and monitor a fire in the tunnel and the effect of the tunnel environment, were evaluated under
the same conditions. This article provides an overview of the findings of the project. Fire detectors, fire scenarios and
test protocols used in the test program are described. A summary of the research results of the full-scale fire tests conducted
in a laboratory tunnel facility and in an operating road tunnel as well as of the computer modeling activities is reported. 相似文献
17.
This paper presents a set of platform-independent architectural optimizations for improving the performance of software-based
standard video coders. These denote changes that affect the underlying memory model and physical architecture of the encoder
with an objective of achieving maximum encoder performance with respect to execution time and memory usage. The coding quality
does not suffer due to these modifications because the algorithm itself is not changed. An interface driven methodology has
been developed to identify and ameliorate performance bottlenecks for any encoder. Appropriate data flow between components
has been proposed so that memory intensive operations including memory accesses and copying are minimized. The proposed methods
have been applied to an MPEG4 reference implementation to demonstrate the computational improvements achieved while avoiding
any algorithmic modifications. These techniques have been shown to result in improvements in the range of 15–50% in the overall
encoding time of a video codec on a general-purpose computing platform. The resulting implementation is also shown to be faster
than some well-known open source solutions. 相似文献
18.
Multiobjective Calibration of Reservoir Water Quality Modeling Using Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Abbas Afshar Nasim Shojaei Mahdi Sagharjooghifarahani 《Water Resources Management》2013,27(7):1931-1947
Water resource management encounters large variety of multi objective problems that require powerful optimization tools in order to fully characterize the existing tradeoffs between various objectives that can be minimizing difference between forecasted physical, chemical, and biological behaviors of model and measured data. Calibration of complex water quality models for river and reservoir systems may include conflicting objectives addressed by various combinations of interacting calibration parameters. Calibration of the two dimensional CE-QUAL-W2 water quality and hydrodynamic model is an excellent example where the model must be calibrated for both hydrodynamic and water quality behavior. The aim of the present study is to show how multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) can be implemented for automatic calibration of water quality and hydrodynamic parameters of a 2-dimensional, hydrodynamic, and water quality models (CEQUAL-W2) to predict physical, chemical, and biological behaviors of a water body, and then focus on a relevant case study. So MOPSO is utilized to generate Pareto optimal solutions for two conflicting calibration objectives. A combined measure of thermal and reservoir water level is considered as the first calibration objective. The second objective is formulated to forecast the best physical, chemical, and biological behavior of the model. Realizing the strong interactions between water quality and hydrodynamic issues of water bodies and their dependencies on the same set of calibration parameters, the proposed multiobjective approach may provide a wide version of all possible calibration solutions for better decision making to select best solution from pareto front. 相似文献
19.
A Nasim MM Thompson RD Sayers JR Boyle C Maltezos G Fishwick A Bolia PR Bell 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,12(6):522-528
BACKGROUND: Controversies over the frequency and intensity of the follow-up care of breast cancer patients exist. Some physicians have adopted an intensive approach to follow-up care that consists of frequent laboratory tests and routine imaging studies, including chest radiographs, bone scans, and CT scans, whereas others have established a minimalist approach consisting of only history, physical examinations, and mammograms. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to evaluate the role of intensive follow-up on detection of breast cancer recurrence and to examine the impact of follow-up on overall survival. METHODS: During a 10-year period (1986-1996), 129 patients with recurrent disease were identified from a prospective database of 1898 breast cancer patients. The patients with recurrent disease were divided into minimalist or intensive groups according to method of detection. RESULTS: Twenty-seven of 126 (21%) patients were assigned to the intensive method of detection group (LFT, CEA, CA 15-3, chest radiograph, CT scan, and bone scan); 99 of 126 (79%) patients were assigned to the minimal detection group (history, physical examination, and mammography). Distant disease to the bone was the most common initial tumor recurrence, at 27%. History, physical examination, and mammography detected recurrent cancer in approximately the same amount of time as LFTs, tumor markers, CT scans, and chest radiographs (P = .960). When the recurrent patients were divided into intensive and minimalist groups and analyzed by time to detection of recurrence, there was no significant difference between the time to detection in those recurrences detected by intensive methods and those recurrences detected by minimalist methods (P = .95). The independent variables age, tumor size, type of surgery, number of positive nodes, time to recurrence, method of detection, and site of recurrence (regional or distant) were subject to univariate and multivariate analysis by the Cox proportional hazards model. Only two variables had an impact on survival by multivariate analysis: early timing of the recurrence (P = .0011) and the site of the recurrence (P = .02). Timing was defined as early (< or =365 days from the time of diagnosis to recurrence) or late (> or =365 days from the time of diagnosis to recurrence). Early recurrence was the first variable found to be significant on stepwise forward regression analysis. The primary site of recurrence was significant at step two. The method of detection--intensive or minimal--did not significantly affect survival (P = .18). CONCLUSIONS: There is no survival benefit to routine intensive follow-up regimens in detecting recurrent breast cancer. Expensive diagnostic tests such as bone scans, CT scans, and serial tumor markers are best used for detection of metastasis in symptomatic patients. 相似文献
20.
Hydrogels: Assembly of Viral Hydrogels for Three‐Dimensional Conducting Nanocomposites (Adv. Mater. 30/2014) 下载免费PDF全文