Phase transition in L-alaninium oxalate by photoacoustics

Phase transition in L-alaninium oxalate is studied by using TG, DTA and photoacoustic spectroscopy. A sharp transition at 378 K by photoacoustics is observed whereas at the same temperature the endothermic energy change observed by TG and DTA is not very sharp. This is discussed in detail with reference to the other known data for the organic crystals.     

Real-Time Differential Pricing Scheme for Active Consumers with Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular because of their low operating costs. However, the anticipated increase in EV usage presents opportunities as well as challenges for utilities. This paper models EV charging behavior of active consumers who strategize their EV charging schedule to minimize the charging cost. The electric utility employs a temporal and spatially varying real-time pricing scheme that minimizes peak-to-average load ratio by influencing charging behavior of multiple active consumers. These active consumers decide their optimal charging strategy based on real-time electricity prices in order to minimize their EV charging cost. A model predictive control (MPC)-based optimal pricing scheme for electric utility and optimal charging strategy for active consumers is proposed. Effects of the proposed approach on load profile is verified using simulations.     

Pluronic lecithin organogel of 5-aminosalicylic acid for wound healing

5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is an aminosalicylate anti-inflammatory drug, which is also known as mesalazine or mesalamine. Currently employed in treating inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, inflamed anus or rectum, and maintain remission in Crohn's disease. Evidence from the researchers highlighted its significant re-epithelization in allergic asthma, aphthous, and gastric ulcerative conditions. The objective of the study was to formulate the pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) containing 5-ASA and evaluate its wound-healing ability in a full thickness excision wound rat model. The data obtained from in silico docking studies revealed 5-ASA is having an affinity towards the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) specifically towards beta1. Among various formulations prepared (F1 to F8), F1, and F6 have shown a maximum in vitro drug release with optimum pH and viscosity. From MTT assay it was found that selected PLO formulations showed no toxicity and enhanced cell proliferation in HaCaT cell lines. In vivo wound-healing studies in albino Wistar rats has revealed that PLO accelerates wound closure and reepithelization to the statistically significant level on day 3 (p?相似文献   

Breakdown Voltage Enhancement of Al0.1Ga0.9 N Channel HEMT with Recessed Floating Field Plate

Silicon - In this paper, electrical and microwave characteristics of Al0.1Ga0.9 N channel HEMTs was reported. The device performance were evaluated for conventional gate, field plate gate,...     

Influence of High-k Passivation Layer on Gate Field Plate AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN Double Heterojunction HEMT

Silicon - In this work, we have analysed the influence of passivation material such as Silicon dioxide (SiO2), Silicon Nitride (Si3N4), Aluminium oxide (Al2O3), Hafnium Silicon Oxide (HfSiO4),...     

The critical organic modifier aliphatic tail length for the formation of poly(methyl methacrylate)-montmorillonite nanocomposites

In this article, we report the influence of organic modifier structure (alkyl chain length C8-C20, single vs ditallow) and thereby, the effect of hydrophobicity on the structure, thermal and mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-clay hybrids. Melt processed PMMA-clay hybrids were characterized using wide-angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The organoclays having an alkyl chain length of more than 12 CH₂ groups resulted in the formation of nanocomposites. The glass transition temperature (T_g) of PMMA increased in the presence of clay. The mean-field lattice model was used to predict the free energy for nanocomposite formation, which showed a reasonable match with the experimental results and provided a general guideline for the proper selection of polymer and organoclay (ie, organic modifier) to obtain nanocomposite. Tensile modulus showed maximum improvement of 58% for the nanocomposites compared to 9% improvement for the composites. Tensile modulus increased with increases in the alkyl chain length of the organic modifier and clay loading. The level of improvement for the tensile properties of nanocomposites prepared from primary and secondary ammonium-modified clay is the same as that obtained with the commercial organoclays.     

The hydrothermal synthesis and structure of a one-dimensional Fe(II)molybdophosphate

A new one-dimensional Fe(II)molybdophosphate of the formula, [(C₁₀H₈N₂)H₂]₂[Fe₄^(II)Mo₁₂^(V)(HPO₄)₆(PO₄)₂(H₂O)₈(OH)₆O₂₄]·8H₂O, (1), has been synthesized by employing hydrothermal methods and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure consists of a network of MO₆ (M = Fe, Mo) octahedra and (H)PO₄ tetrahedra linked through their vertices. The connectivity between the polyhedral units gives rise to one-dimensional chains with eight-membered apertures. The hydrogen bonded interactions between the chains form pseudo two-dimensional layers. Extensive hydrogen bonding also exists between the amine molecule, 4,4^′-bipyridine, water molecule and framework oxygen atoms. Crystal data for 1: monoclinic, space group = P2₁ (no. 4), a=12.549(3) (Å), b=23.496(5) (Å), c=14.551(3) (Å), β=114.87(3)°, , and Z=2.     

On the approximation in the smoothed finite element method (SFEM)

This letter aims at resolving the issues raised in the recent short communication (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2008; 76 (8):1285–1295. DOI: 10.1002/nme.2460 ) and answered by (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2009; DOI: 10.1002/nme.2587 ) by proposing a systematic approximation scheme based on non‐mapped shape functions, which both allows to fully exploit the unique advantages of the smoothed finite element method (SFEM) (Comput. Mech. 2007; 39 (6):859–877. DOI: 10.1007/s00466‐006‐0075‐4 ; Commun. Numer. Meth. Engng 2009; 25 (1):19–34. DOI: 10.1002/cnm.1098 ; Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2007; 71 (8):902–930; Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng 2008; 198 (2):165–177. DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2008.05.029 ; Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng 2007; submitted; Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2008; 74 (2):175–208. DOI: 10.1002/nme.2146 ; Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng 2008; 197 (13–16):1184–1203. DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2007.10.008 ) and resolve the existence, linearity and positivity deficiencies pointed out in (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2008; 76 (8):1285–1295). We show that Wachspress interpolants (A Rational Basis for Function Approximation. Academic Press, Inc.: New York, 1975) computed in the physical coordinate system are very well suited to the SFEM, especially when elements are heavily distorted (obtuse interior angles). The proposed approximation leads to results that are almost identical to those of the SFEM initially proposed in (Comput. Mech. 2007; 39 (6):859–877. DOI: 10.1007/s00466‐006‐0075‐4 ). These results suggest that the proposed approximation scheme forms a strong and rigorous basis for the construction of SFEMs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.