Mono- and dinuclear silver(I) complexes of benzene- and pyridine-bearing 20-membered thiaoxaaza macrocycles

Two 20-membered penta- and hexadentate macrocycles containing one or two pyridine subunits, namely [20]aneNO₂S₂ (L¹) and [20]aneN₂O₂S₂ (L²), have been synthesized. Reaction of L¹ with silver(I) nitrate afforded a unique 2:2 (M:L) disilver(I) complex [μ₂-Ag₂(L¹)₂](NO₃)₂ (1) in which two four-coordinate Ag atoms bridge two ligands to form a cyclic dimer. In contrast, an endo-dentate 1:1 monosilver(I) complexes [AgL²]X; [X = ClO₄ (2) or PF₆ (3)] which show isomorphous structures were obtained from the reactions of L² with silver(I) salts.     

Influence of pH on the specific surface area of polyaniline matrices

We report the successful measurement of the specific surface area of chemically synthesized and treated polyaniline (PANI) and its composite PANI/silica (SiO₂). PANI was synthesized chemically from an aqueous solution of aniline and hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the presence of an oxidant, ammonium peroxydisulfate [(NH₄)₂S₂O₈]. In the synthesis of PANI/SiO₂, SiO₂ was incorporated from its colloidal solution contained in the solution for the polymerization of PANI. PANI and PANI/SiO₂ thus synthesized were pretreated with double‐distilled water (pH = 6.95), aqueous HCl (pH = 1.09), and aqueous ammonia (pH = 10.15) solutions to control their pH levels. Surface morphologies of the treated PANI and PANI/SiO₂ matrices were investigated with scanning electron microscopy. The successful incorporation of SiO₂ into the PANI/SiO₂ composite was confirmed by the characteristic infrared absorption band at 1096 cm^?1. The adsorption of methylene blue, which was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm, onto the prepared materials was probed to estimate the real surface area. The base‐treated PANI matrix showed a higher surface area than the acidic and neutral ones. The incorporation of SiO₂ into the PANI matrix yielded a larger surface area. However, the treated PANI/SiO₂ showed the same trend as the treated PANI matrices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Photovoltaic power generation using albedo and thermal radiations in the satellite orbits around planetary bodies

In this paper, we have studied photovoltaic power generation in satellite orbits around different planetary objects using albedo and thermal radiations. We have addressed the power generation in the darkside of satellite orbits using solar cells in particular. LILT solar cells can be used for photovoltaic power generation in the darkside of satellite orbits around moon, mars etc. receiving the weak albedo radiation from the nearby brightest celestial object. We can also make use of the emerging IR photovoltaic technology to generate power using planetary thermal radiation from the nightside of planets like earth.     

Salp Swarm-Artificial Neural Network Based Cyber-Attack Detection in Smart Grid

Neural Processing Letters - Smart Grid (SG) can be easily attacked by smart hackers who try to corrupt the data aggregated by the acquisition system and supervisory control. The hacker has the...     

A reversible approach to two’s complement addition using a novel reversible TCG gate and its 4 dot 2 electron QCA architecture

Microsystem Technologies - Classical computers are already facing threshold limitations with CMOS getting restricted to clocking speeds in GHz range and alarming heat dissipation issues. Both these...     

Scaling of Output Load in Energy Efficient FIR Filter for Green Communication on Ultra-Scale FPGA

Wireless Personal Communications - FIR Filter always remains in linear phase with the help of symmetric coefficient. This feature makes it ideal for phase-sensitive applications like data...     

The Aldo-Keto Reductases and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Activation

The aldo-keto reductases (AKRs), are monomeric 37 kDa oxidoreductases that catalyze the NADP + -dependent oxidation of PAH trans -dihydrodiol proximate carcinogens to their reactive and redox-active o -quinones. Five human isoforms have been cloned and expressed as purified recombinant enzymes (AKR1C1-AKR1C4 and AKR1A1). Of these the general metabolic enzyme aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1) displays the highest utilization ratio for the oxidation of ( m ) R,R -benzo[ a ]pyrene-7,8-diol (BP-7,8-diol) to benzo[ a ]pyrene-7,8-dione (BP-7,8-dione). AKR1A1 is coexpressed with CYP1A1 and epoxide hydrolase suggesting that it is exposed to its trans -dihydrodiol substrates in situ. PAH o -quinones produced by AKRs are highly electrophilic yielding bimolecular rate constants for the addition of GSH of at least 1.3 2 10 3 M m 1 min m 1 . By reacting with DNA, PAH o -quinones form both stable and depurinating adducts in vitro. By entering into futile redox-cycles the PAH o -quinones can amplify the production of reactive oxygen species and increase 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo) formation. The spectrum of DNA-adducts and generation of prooxidants (reactive oxygen) may explain how PAHs can act as complete carcinogens.     

Triticale Dried Distillers’ Grain Increases Alpha-Linolenic Acid in Subcutaneous Fat of Beef Cattle Fed Oilseeds

This study investigated the effect of triticale dried distillers’ grain with solubles (DDGS), flax (FS) and sunflower (SS) seed on growth and the fatty acid profile of subcutaneous (SQ) fat in individually housed steers (n?=?15 per diet) fed ad libitum (DM basis); (1) control (CON) 90?% barley grain?+?10?% barley silage; or substitution of barley grain for: (2) 30?% DDGS; (3) 10?% FS; (4) 30?% DDGS?+?8.5?% FS; (5) 10?% SS and (6) 30?% DDGS?+?8.5?% SS. Oilseeds in the combination diets were reduced to maintain diet lipid levels below 9?% DM and to determine if favorable changes in the fatty acid profile could be maintained or enhanced at reduced levels of oilseed. Plasma and SQ fat biopsies were collected at 0, 6, and 12?weeks. Inclusion of DDGS decreased (P?<?0.05) average daily gain, feed conversion and backfat thickness. Feeding FS increased (P?<?0.05) plasma ALA compared to CON and SS and consistently increased (P?<?0.01) ALA and non-conjugated and non-methylene interrupted dienes (NCD), whereas SS tended to decrease ALA in fat. Inclusion of DDGS with FS further increased (P?<?0.02) ALA and decreased (P?<?0.05) NCD and 18:1-t10 in fat. The fact that the levels of n-3 fatty acids in SQ fat from steers fed DDGS?+?FS were higher than those obtained with FS alone, has obvious benefits to the practical cost of favorably manipulating fatty acid profiles in beef.