紧凑型毫米波功率合成/ 分配器研究*

介绍了两种在传统波导魔T上改进的具有共面臂的波导魔T功率合成/分配器和一种采用电阻膜片 提高端口匹配隔离度的基于模式转换器的径向功率合成/ 分配器,并给出了这些功率合成/ 分配器的特性仿真和测 试结果。这些功率合成/ 分配器均适用于毫米波频段,具有高隔离度、小型化、易加工等特点。     

Molecular Heterojunctions of Oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s with Linear to Cruciform Framework

Electrical transport properties of molecular junctions are fundamentally affected by the energy alignment between molecular frontier orbitals (highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)) and Fermi level (or work function) of electrode metals. Dithiafulvene (DTF) is used as substituent group to the oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) molecular wires and different molecular structures based on OPE3 backbone (with linear to cruciform framework) are achieved, with viable molecular orbitals and HOMO–LUMO energy gaps. OPE3, OPE3–DTF, and OPE3–tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) can form good self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au substrates. Molecular heterojunctions based on these SAMs are investigated using conducting probe–atomic force microscopy with different tips (Ag, Au, and Pt) and Fermi levels. The calibrated conductance values follow the sequence OPE3–TTF > OPE3–DTF > OPE3 irrespective of the tip metal. Rectification properties (or diode behavior) are observed in case of the Ag tip for which the work function is furthest from the HOMO levels of the OPE3s. Quantum chemical calculations of the transmission qualitatively agree with the experimental data and reproduce the substituent effect of DTF. Zero‐bias conductance, and symmetric or asymmetric couplings to the electrodes are investigated. The results indicate that improved fidelity of molecular transport measurements may be achieved by systematic studies of homologues series of molecular wires applying several different metal electrodes.     

南水北调中线总干渠冰情预测模型参数敏感性分析及率定

南水北调中线工程黄河以北总干渠冬季由于受气温的影响,将有不同程度的冰情产生,总干渠将处于无冰、流冰、冰盖下输水等多种复杂运行状态,运行不当则可能发生冰塞、冰坝危害。为了更准确地预测冰情,文章利用详细热量交换法对不同条件下渠道内一维冰盖生消进行数值模拟,根据2012年冬季的冰清观测结果以均方根差最小的原则率定模型参数。随后通过改变反射系数α、云量C、虚拟冰盖厚度Δh、风速Va、折减系数Cc及Ce、初始水温等分析冰盖厚度对于模型参数的敏感性。仿真结果显示,模型参数中反射系数α、虚拟冰盖厚度Δh这两个参数对冰盖厚度影响较大,气温数据中云量C对冰厚结果影响较大,且在高云量区域敏感性为极敏感,这些规律可以为寒区渠道系统冰情预测模型的开发及率定提供参考。     

长洲水利枢纽建坝后水流流态变化的可能性分析

长洲枢纽工程是一个低水头大流量的水力发电工程，河势及流态对枢纽建筑物的布置和调度进行都有较大的影响。本文根据枢纽整体水工模型试验成果，分析枢纽建成前后水流流态变化情况。     

Nitrate leaching from loamy soils as affected by crop rotation and nitrogen fertilizer application

Nitrate leaching as affected by cropping system/crop rotation, history of farmyard manure application or fertilizer nitrogen application (0 N, 0.5 N and 1 N) was studied at nine sites on loamy soils during 1986/87, 1987/88 and 1988/89. Soil solution from 80 to 90 cm soil depth was sampled every second week in the period November to May by the use of porous ceramic cups and analysed for NO₃-N and Cl. Climatical conditions were obtained from standard meteorological observations in the region. Drainage from soil profiles was calculated from measured and simulated values of precipitation and actual evapotranspiration, respectively.The results show that type of crop is of the utmost importance for the leaching magnitude of nitrate as 40% of the total variance in nitrate concentrations in the soil solution could be explained by the type of crop.The second factor of importance was the history of farmyard manure (FYM) application, which was able to explain 28% of the total variation in nitrate concentration in the soil solution. Nitrate concentration/leaching from arable land without FYM ever being applied was considerably lower than from arable land which received periodical FYM applications until the early 70's or from arable land which besides periodical FYM applications in the past presently still receives regular applications of FYM. Only about 1% of the total variation in nitrate concentration in the soil solution was explainable by the level of fertilizer nitrogen application.Differences between years explained 14% of the total variation in nitrate concentration in the soil solution due to differences between the years in soil temperatures and water run-off. The run-off during the autumn and winter of 1986/87, 1987/88 and 1988/89 was 95, 275 and 55 mm, respectively. As expected nitrate leaching increased with increasing run off. However, nitrate leaching at the 275 mm run off was considerably lower than expected, which seems explainable by a substantial denitrification. The soil at the sites in question seems thus partly to purify the soil solution for nitrate before it leaves the root zone at the observed high run off conditions.     

数字射频存储器在脉冲多普勒雷达噪声干扰中的应用

采用数字射频存储器(DRFM)技术的噪声干扰机,具有瞄频精度高、噪声带宽窄、干扰功率利用率高的特点,可对脉冲多普勒(PD)雷达实施有效干扰。介绍了DRFM干扰机的组成和工作原理。并分析了瞄频误差和寄生信号的产生以及它们对干扰噪声的影响。     

A CMOS Low-Noise Instrumentation Amplifier Using Chopper Modulation

This paper describes a low-power, low-noise chopper stabilized CMOS instrumentation amplifier for biomedical applications. Low thermal noise is achieved by employing MOSTs biased in the weak/moderate inversion region, whereas chopper stabilization is utilized to shift 1/f-noise out of the signal band hereby ensuring overall low noise performance. The resulting equivalent input referred noise is approximately 7 nV/ ?{Hz}\sqrt{\rm Hz} for a chopping frequency of 20 kHz. The amplifier operates from a modest supply voltage of 1.8 V, drawing 136 A of current thus consuming 245 W of power. The gain is 72.5 dB over a 4 kHz bandwidth. The inband PSRR is above 90 and the CMRR exceeds 105 dB.     

雷达对抗侦察接收机故障智能诊断系统神经网络构建与仿真

针对目前电子对抗装备快速故障检测与维护保障的需要,研究了某型雷达对抗侦察接收机故障智能诊断系统神经网络的建模方法,阐述了网络神经元的选取、网络结构的确定以及网络训练步骤等,并进行了网络训练仿真和网络实例测试,验证了系统故障诊断结果的可信性。     

Dihydroazulene Photoswitch Operating in Sequential Tunneling Regime: Synthesis and Single‐Molecule Junction Studies

Molecular switches play a central role for the development of molecular electronics. In this work it is demonstrated that the reproducibility and robustness of a single‐molecule dihydroazulene (DHA)/vinylheptafulvene (VHF) switch can be remarkably enhanced if the switching kernel is weakly coupled to electrodes so that the electron transport goes by sequential tunneling. To assure weak coupling, the DHA switching kernel is modified by incorporating p‐MeSC₆H₄ end‐groups. Molecules are prepared by Suzuki cross‐couplings on suitable halogenated derivatives of DHA. The synthesis presents an expansion of our previously reported bromination–elimination–cross‐coupling protocol for functionalization of the DHA core. For all new derivatives the kinetics of DHA/VHF transition has been thoroughly studied in solution. The kinetics reveals the effect of sulfur end‐groups on the thermal ring‐closure of VHF. One derivative, incorporating a p‐MeSC₆H₄ anchoring group in one end, has been placed in a silver nanogap. Conductance measurements justify that transport through both DHA (high resistivity) and VHF (low resistivity) forms goes by sequential tunneling. The switching is fairly reversible and reenterable; after more than 20 “ON‐OFF” switchings, both DHA and VHF forms are still recognizable, albeit noticeably different from the original states.     

Cohen类双线性时频分布在语音识别上的应用

短时分析技术有着与生俱来的短时平稳假设限制,众多非平稳信号处理技术有着克服这一根本技术限制的潜力。非平稳信号处理技术中的Cohen类双线性时频分布技术拥有良好的时频分辨率,其中的WVD的时频分辨率已达到不确定原理下界,在非平稳信号处理技术中有独特优势。详细介绍了将这一优势在语音自动识别上的应用原理,提出了一种新型的语音智能识别方法。