Lycopene content and antioxidant activity of fresh and processed tomatoes and in vitro bioavailability of lycopene

BACKGROUND: Lycopene, a phytochemical, has attracted a great deal of interest over the past few years. This has triggered research on the biological properties of lycopene and on the numerous factors that control these properties. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate lycopene content and antioxidant activity of fresh, sun‐dried and canned tomatoes. In addition, in vitro bioavailability of lycopene was determined. RESULTS: Lycopene contents of fresh, sun‐dried and canned tomatoes were found to be 1.74, 5.51 and 3.55 mg 100 g^?1, respectively, on a fresh wet basis. The highest lycopene bioavailability was obtained for sun‐dried tomatoes (58.05%) and this was followed by fresh (28.67%) and canned tomatoes (21.83%). Fresh tomatoes showed the highest antioxidant activity against ABTS radical oxidation. This was followed by sun‐dried tomatoes and canned tomatoes. The inhibition effect of intestinal dialysates of the samples on ABTS radical oxidation was between 51.34% and 92.96%. CONCLUSION: Maintenance antioxidant activity and existence of lycopene following an in vitro digestion process were the main findings, which might contribute forthcoming studies in this scientific field. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

只用两只MOSFET的双线圈继电器驱动器

闭锁继电器在给线圈一个短电压脉冲时,会改变自己的状态。由于这些继电器不需要连续的线圈电流来保持状态,因此可以节省相当大的驱动电路功率。在一种闭锁继电器中,可以通过交换两个线圈的供能,改变继电器的状态。只需为一     

Estimation of oxide related electron trap energy of porous silicon nanostructures

Estimation of electron trap energy (E_t), with respect to bulk Si valence band, of oxidized porous silicon (PS) nanostructures is reported. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of oxidized PS prepared with different formation parameters have been investigated and the room temperature PL characteristics have been successfully explained on the basis of oxide related trap assisted transitions. PL peak energy for the oxidized samples with low porosity exhibited a blue shift with increasing formation current density (J). For the high porosity samples double peaks appeared in the PL spectra. One of these peaks remained constant at ∼730 nm while the other was blue shifted with increase in J. Evolution of PS nanostructure was correlated to the formation parameters using a simple growth mechanism. PS nanostructure was modelled as an array of regular hexagonal pores and the average value of E_t was estimated to be 1.67 eV.     

Intermittent-low dose G-CSF treatment in a patient with chronic neutropenia

Tamoxifen induces apoptosis (programmed cell death) in human erythroleukemia K562 cells. Nitric oxide synthase activity and expression increased in apoptotic cells by 315% and 280%, respectively, compared to controls. The specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, L-NAME, protected K562 cells from tamoxifen-induced apoptosis, whereas the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), potentiated the apoptotic effect of the drug. In addition, 5-lipoxygenase was activated by tamoxifen and the specific enzyme inhibitor, MK886, protected K562 cells against the drug. Conversely, the 5-lipoxygenase product, 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, enhanced the tamoxifen-induced apoptosis. Finally, tamoxifen altered also membrane properties of K562 cells.     

Processing of Carbon Fibers: Texture Enhancement Induced by Hot Stretching

A synchrotron radiation source has been used to monitor the x-ray diffraction patterns of a series of experimental PAN-based carbon fibers. The use of the synchrotron made feasible the collection of a substantial quantity of data on a reasonable time scale, by reducing the required exposure times by more than three orders of magnitude. The fibers considered in this report were hot stretched at temperatures in the range 2700°C to 3000°C for 5 minutes with stretching stresses between 5 MPa and 85 MPa. Measurement of the azimuthal and radial widths of the (00.2) reflections led to evaluation of figures for the preferred orientation parameter, Z, and the “apparent” crystallite size perpendicular to the graphitic rafts, L_c. The results showed that large increases in texturing can be achieved by hot stretching, so that from a starting value of ~38°, Z was reduced to between ~19° (2700°C and 5 MPa) and ~10° (3000°C and 85 MPa). Measurement of L_c was not possible for the as-received libers, since reflections were too diffuse, but the corresponding values for processed fibers were ~ 8 nm and ~11 nm respectively. It was found that the microstructural parameters depended on both the processing temperature and the stretching stress. Z showed substantial variation with both parameters, whereas Lc was far more sensitive to temperature than stress. Although the preferred orientation depended on a combination of extension and temperature, a close correlation was found between Z and the reduction in cross sectional area that occurred during processing. Similarly, within the range of conditions considered, Z varied approximately linearly with final fiber diameter, independently of the precise combination of processing parameters. A close correlation was also observed between the preferred orientation and Young's modulus of hot stretched fibers over the full range from ~330 GPa to ~690 GPa, compared with the untreated modulus value of ~180 GPa     

Wide Dynamic Range High Output Impedance Current-mode Multifunction Filters with Dual-output Current Conveyors

This paper reports five new single-input multiple-output current-mode multifunction filter circuits which can simultaneously realise three basic filter functions all at high impedance outputs. The circuits employ only the same type of active elements, grounded passive components, andno element matching conditions are imposed. The filters permit orthogonal adjustment of the quality factor Q and angular resonant frequency ω₀. The active/passive sensitivities are shown to be low.     

Modified gold surfaces by 6-(ferrocenyl)hexanethiol/dendrimer/gold nanoparticles as a platform for the mediated biosensing applications

An electrochemical biosensor mediated by using 6-(Ferrocenyl) hexanethiol (FcSH) was fabricated by construction of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the surface of polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) modified gold electrode. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was used as a model enzyme and was immobilized onto the gold surface forming a self assembled monolayer via FcSH and cysteamine. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry were used for the characterization of electrochemical response towards glucose substrate. Following the optimization of medium pH, enzyme loading, AuNP and FcSH amount, the linear range for the glucose was studied and found as 1.0 to 5.0 mM with the detection limit (LOD) of 0.6 mM according to S/N = 3. Finally, the proposed Au/AuNP/(FcSH + Cyst)/PAMAM/GOx biosensor was successfully applied for the glucose analysis in beverages, and the results were compared with those obtained by HPLC.     

Preparation and characterization of calix[6]arene Langmuir-Blodgett thin film

Calix[6]arene monolayer/multilayer was prepared on a glass substrate and the behavior of monolayer properties investigated at the air-water interface by taking Langmuir isotherm graph. UV-visible, wettability measurements, atomic force microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance measurements were used to monitor the deposition quality of this Langmuir-Blodgett film. Our results showed that a uniform and high quality film with a transfer ratio of approximately 0.99 occurred using the calix[6]arene material at a deposition pressure of 21 mN/m. The surface free energy was determined to be 25.86 mN/m based on contact angle measurements.