Acoustic Resonances in Helium Fluids Excited by?Quartz Tuning Forks

Ordinary quartz tuning fork resonators, operated at about 30 or 200 kHz frequency, couple to acoustic first and second sound resonances in helium fluids under certain conditions. We have studied acoustic resonances in supercritical ⁴He, normal and superfluid ⁴He, and in isotopic mixtures of helium. Suggestive temperature, pressure, and concentration dependences are given. Furthermore, we propose a thermometric reference point device based on second sound resonances in helium mixtures, and indicate possible differences in the nature of second sound resonances in superfluid ⁴He and helium mixtures.     

Dynamic colorimetric properties of mixed thermochromic printing inks

Leuco dye‐based thermochromic inks reversibly change from the coloured to the discoloured state in a defined, comparatively wide temperature region. Inside this region, the colour of a sample depends on the temperature and thermal history, which is known as the hysteresis effect. The colour of such a sample as a function of temperature has the shape of a hysteresis loop. Commercially available thermochromic inks have different loops, narrow or broad, and their shapes range from approximately symmetric to highly asymmetric. These properties are also important in mixtures of inks. The hysteresis loop of a mixture reveals its binary nature if the individual pure inks have well‐separated hysteresis. When inks with close‐separated loops, i.e. with similar activation temperatures, are mixed together, the loop of the mixture fuses together into an apparently single loop. Our research shows that some of their dynamic colour properties could be predicted in advance. However, optic and colorimetric properties of mixtures are not additive.     

Design Methodology for Offloading Software Executions to FPGA

Field programmable gate array (FPGA) is a flexible solution for offloading part of the computations from a processor. In particular, it can be used to accelerate an execution of a computationally heavy part of the software application, e.g., in DSP, where small kernels are repeated often. Since an application code for a processor is a software, a design methodology is needed to convert the code into a hardware implementation, applicable to the FPGA. In this paper, we propose a design method, which uses the Transport Triggered Architecture (TTA) processor template and the TTA-based Co-design Environment toolset to automate the design process. With software as a starting point, we generate a RTL implementation of an application-specific TTA processor together with the hardware/software interfaces required to offload computations from the system main processor. To exemplify how the integration of the customized TTA with a new platform could look like, we describe a process of developing required interfaces from a scratch. Finally, we present how to take advantage of the scalability of the TTA processor to target platform and application-specific requirements.     

Heat of Wetting the Surface of Very Fine Particles of Iron and Its Composites with Ag,Pt, Au,Cu, and Zn with Water

The heat of wetting for very fine iron powder and its composites with Ag, Pt, Au, Cu, and Zn prepared by a thermochemical method is measured. It is established that their surface is hydrophilic. This makes it possible to modify the surface of powders with different substances and create new materials intended for medicine and technics.

     

美国塑料再生需跟上世界步伐

最近从洛杉矶迁居东京的一位朋友几天前打电话给我，说她对新居住地的塑料回收规定甚感惊讶。     

Interpretation of phase diagrams of ternary reciprocal systems by complete conversion points

A new classification of ternary reciprocal systems is proposed taking into account the number of thermal effects in the thermograms of complete conversion points. The classification is useful for general evaluation of the liquid surface of the systems.     

Identity and overall acceptance of two types of sour rye bread

Response surface methodology was employed to study the influence of four recipe variables (wheat: rye flour ratio, bread acidity, ash content of rye flour and sodium chloride content) on the identity and overall acceptance of two rye bread types (soft and crisp rye bread). The subjects ( n = 79) rated attribute intensities, the extent to which the salient sensory properties and the overall sample corresponded to their expectations of rye bread, and the overall acceptance (pleasantness and purchase intentions). The acidity and ash content contributed the most to the extent to which a sample met subjects' expectations. The NaCl content was not critical. Consumer acceptance was affected by ash content, and by the interactions, NaCl content × acidity and wheat:rye ratio × ash content. The non-significance of NaCl content should encourage the baking industry to put low-salt rye products on the market.     

A Novel internally heated Au/TiO2 carbon-carbon composite structured reactor for low-temperature CO oxidation

A compact, internally heated, catalytic reactor is demonstrated for the low-temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide. Carbon nanofibres were grown on carbon felt and used as a support material for Au/TiO₂ catalysts. The carbon composite plays two roles; as a support material for the catalyst and for providing heat to the reaction by the Joule effect. The internal heating offers a stable reactor system with quick temperature response at relatively low energy input. Comparison between external and internal heating shows higher conversion of CO in the low-temperature range when using internal heating. The Au/TiO₂ catalyst supported on the carbon-carbon composite shows good stability at 250°C.     

Analysis of local composition gradients in the hard-phase grains of cermets using a combination of X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy

Combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for investigation of local composition gradients in the hard-phases of cermets. XRD revealed distribution of lattice parameters in hard-phase grains, from which the composition gradients in the hard-phases were estimated using an appropriate microstructure model. This microstructure model was build with the aid of SEM micrographs, which were taken with back-scattered electrons (BSE) and completed by the registration of the electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns and characteristic X-ray spectra. SEM/BSE yielded the first information about the spatial distribution of elements in individual hard-phase grains, SEM/EBSD about the morphology, the size and the size distribution of these grains. The final interpretation of the distribution of lattice parameters, which was obtained from the X-ray line profile analysis, was done with the aid of the local elemental analysis that was performed using SEM with the energy dispersive analysis of the characteristic X-ray spectra (EDX) and the known dependence of the lattice parameters on concentration.