形势要求机床工具工业必须加快增长方式的转型(一)

1999年以来，我国国民生产总值持续快速稳定增长。表1是这期间国民生产总值增长情况。     

Cytoprotective effects of adrenomedullin in glomerular cell injury: central role of cAMP signaling pathway

Activation of cAMP signaling pathway was shown to inhibit some pathobiologic processes in mesangial cells (MC). We investigated whether adrenomedullin (ADM), a potent agonist of adenylate cyclase, is synthesized in MC and whether it can, via cAMP, suppress the generation of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and proliferation of cells in glomeruli. With the use of an immunohistologic technique ADM was detected in mesangial and microvascular areas of rat glomeruli. MC grown in primary culture synthesized ADM, and the synthesis was stimulated by TNF alpha and IL-1 beta but not by PDGF and EGF. ADM inhibited ROM generation in MC dose-dependently and caused in situ activation of protein kinase A (PKA). In macrophages (cell line J774) ROM generation was about four times higher than in MC and was inhibited by ADM in a similar way as in MC. The rate of MC proliferation, measured by [3H]-incorporation, and the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) stimulated by PDGF and EGF were dose-dependently inhibited by ADM; the maximum inhibition (at 10 nM ADM) was about -80%. Mitogenesis of MC and MAPK activity when stimulated to a similar extent by endothelin (ET-1) was inhibited by ADM to a significantly (P < 0.01) lesser degree (-30%). Further, ADM inhibited PDF-stimulated mitogenesis and activation of MAPK in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The inhibition of PDGF-activated MAPK by ADM in VSMC was reversed by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H89. Taken together, results indicate the adrenomedullin (ADM) generated in mesangial cells (MC) can suppress, via activation of the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) generation in MC and infiltrating macrophages as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated mitogenesis in MC and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We suggest that introglomerular ADM may serve as a cytoprotective autoacoid that suppresses pathobiologic processes evoked by immuno-inflammatory injury of glomeruli.     

稳峰技术研究及其应用

研究内嵌~(241)Amα源的NaI探测器在不同工作环境下,所测排放气体中的γ放射性核素能谱的漂移趋势,通过改变探测器的工作温度及工作电压等实验,探索所测能谱的漂移规律,并运用合适的软硬件电路来实现能谱的稳峰功能。这种稳峰技术确保了所测γ放射性核素的准确性及能谱的稳定性,使得在实际应用中能正确辨别γ放射性核素的类别,是详细分析各种放射性核素的排放浓度及排放置的前提。     

基于自相关降噪的混叠转子振动信号分离

航空发动机在运行过程中,传感器测得的振动信号是各振源的混叠信号,且含有很强的噪声。常规的信号处理方法难以分离混叠信号,对机器的健康监测和故障诊断造成了很大的困难。介绍了盲源分离基本原理和方法,指出盲源分离算法在强噪声环境下失效。针对强噪声环境下的混叠振动信号,提出首先通过时延自相关降噪方法对振动信号进行降噪,然后通过盲源分离算法对降噪后的信号分离。仿真结果验证了提出方法的有效性。最后,利用该方法对实测混叠转子振动信号成功实现了降噪和盲分离,为噪声环境下的混叠信号分离提供了一种新的方法。     

高密度PBGA组件的模态试验与仿真研究

为探索高密度板级组件的动态特性,设计了带菊花链的PBGA(塑封焊球阵列)组件,采用模态试验和有限元仿真方法分别获得PBGA组件的模态参数,分析了不同固支方式对PBGA组件一阶固有频率的影响.研究了边6点固支条件下各阶阵型特性并提出了元器件抗振布局设计的原则,结果表明:6螺钉支撑将显著提高组件的一阶固有频率,从两螺钉的1...     

含三维内裂纹透明类岩石材料破坏红外热像试验研究

由于目前针对含三维内裂纹的岩石破坏红外热像特征的研究较少,本文基于预埋浇注法制作含内裂纹类岩石试件,开展了单轴压缩块体试验和巴西圆盘劈拉试验,得到含内裂纹的岩石破坏过程,监测内裂纹扩展及试件破坏过程中的红外热像特征,得到以下结论:(1)含三维内裂纹的块体试件在单轴压缩下,在预制内裂纹面上发生剪切破坏;(2)块体试件在单轴压缩作用下红外热像特征明显,在破坏时,在预制内裂纹面处急剧升温;(3)含三维内裂纹巴西圆盘试件在预制内裂纹尖端发生翼型裂纹扩展,边缘带有针刺状Ⅲ型裂纹参与特征,最终翼型裂纹与上下表面贯穿;(4)巴西圆盘试验的红外热像特征与块体单轴压缩不同,在断裂面处未发生明显变化。研究结果为研究三维内裂纹的扩展规律及内裂纹扩展破裂的红外热像规律可提供一定的试验参考。     

双向电流应力下的金属膜电迁移机理研究

对脉冲应力作用下金属铝膜的电迁移失效机理进行了研究,研究了纯交流应力对金属铝膜电迁移可靠性的影响,对影响测试结构的相关因素作了详细的描述。借助于脉冲波形的傅里叶级数分解,研究了一般交流应力条件下金属化电迁移的影响因素。建立了一般交流应力条件下金属铝膜电迁移寿命模型。     

基于SWMM的城市洪涝风险管理研究

为了研究城市洪涝风险评估的问题,采用SWMM(Storm Water Management Model)模拟技术进行洪涝风险危险等级量化研究。以涂家营沟流域为例,基于SWMM模型模拟不同重现期降雨下的淹没情况,计算各子汇水区基于淹没深度、淹没面积、土地利用、人口密度和淹没道路等脆弱性参数建立的危险等级,确定洪灾危险区。结果表明:在20年一遇的情景下研究区溢流量为62 350 m~3,淹没面积为0.177 4 km~2,其原因是排水系统不达标且淤积严重;基于淹没深度和淹没面积的高洪灾风险区面积为0.049 km~2,基于土地利用的高洪灾风险区面积为0.516 km~2,基于人口密度和淹没道路的高洪灾风险区面积为0.041 km~2;该研究区内洪灾危险区由低级到高级的面积分别为1.83 km~2、1.00 km~2和1 950 m~2,高危险区主要集中在城市中心、居民区。淹没深度和淹没面积是确定洪涝灾害等级最敏感的参数,为洪涝风险评估提供依据。研究结果可为我国城市发展规划提供参考依据。     

Override of spontaneous respiratory pattern generator reduces cardiovascular parasympathetic influence

We investigated the effects of voluntary control of breathing on autonomic function in cardiovascular regulation. Variability in heart rate was compared between 5 min of spontaneous and controlled breathing. During controlled breathing, for 5 min, subjects voluntarily reproduced their own spontaneous breathing pattern (both rate and volume on a breath-by-breath basis). With the use of this experimental design, we could unmask the effects of voluntary override of the spontaneous respiratory pattern generator on autonomic function in cardiovascular regulation without the confounding effects of altered respiratory pattern. Results from 10 subjects showed that during voluntary control of breathing, mean values of heart rate and blood pressure increased, whereas fractal and spectral powers in heart rate in the respiratory frequency region decreased. End-tidal PCO2 was similar during spontaneous and controlled breathing. These results indicate that the act of voluntary control of breathing decreases the influence of the vagal component, which is the principal parasympathetic influence in cardiovascular regulation.