Genotypic relationships among strains classified under the (Pasteurella) haemolytica-complex as indicated by ribotyping and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis

Two-hundred and one strains classified under the (Pasteurella) haemolytica-complex isolated from cattle, sheep, deer, pigs, hares and rabbits were investigated by ribotyping. Fifty-nine of these strains were selected for further studies using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE). A correlation between the clusters identified by ribotyping and MEE was demonstrated and the results furthermore indicated that a genetic basis exists for most clusters previously outlined by the use of quantitative evaluation of phenotypic data. The taxonomic relevance of ornithine decarboxylase and fermentation of L-arabinose, D-sorbitol and glucosides for taxonomic delineation within the (P.) haemolytica-complex was supported. A taxonomic importance was further indicated for ONPG, ONPX, ONPF, meso-inositol, D-xylose, maltose, dextrine and NPG in relation to some of the taxa. Within the porcine taxon 15, however, differences in ornithine decarboxylase did not correspond to genetic clusters. Six lineages were revealed by MEE. Lineage A contained electrophoretic types (ETs) representing biogroups 1, 3A-3H, 8A and 9, indicating a genetic relationship between these groups--an observation which was supported by ribotyping. Lineage B included biogroup 8D, 3 strains from biogroup 10 and a single strain from biogroup 1 and taxon 18/biovar 1. Lineage C contained strains allocated to biogroup 6 from ruminants and the porcine taxon 15. The similarity between these two groups was accentuated by ribotyping. Lineage D and the single isolate in lineage E contained strains allocated to biogroups 7, 10, 8B and 8C, in addition to single strains from biogroups 6 and 9. The same strains were found in the heterogenous ribotype cluster 17. Lineage F contained strains representing the leprine taxon 20 and the ruminant (P.) granulomatis. Ribotyping indicated that the ruminant biogroup 3J was affiliated with both taxon 20 and (P.) granulomatis.     

The effect of unilateral destruction of the head of the caudate nucleus with kainic acid on the structure of the wakefulness-sleep cycle and the EEG in rats

The wakefulness-sleep cycle characteristics changes in Wistar line rats after unilateral lesions of the neuronal elements of the caudate nucleus head with kainic acid (at sparing the conducting ways going through this structure) were studied. It was shown that in 4 days after acid injection the share of the active wakefulness and light slow-wave sleep is significantly increased, whereas the percentage of the passive wakefulness, deep slow-wave stage, and paradoxal sleep (up to 80%) is reduced. The wakefulness-sleep cycle in rats is completely normalized on the 7th day after injection. The obtained data allow to consider the caudate nucleus as a modulator for wakefulness-sleep cycle, that is the structure involved in the motive activity regulation.     

铸轧5052合金冷隔缺陷产生的机理研究

阐述了5052合金铸轧坯料生产时冷隔缺陷产生的机理,结合超型FATA—HUNTERΦ1003×1850mm机多年的生产实践经验,提出了消除铸轧冷隔缺陷的措施。     

IT for niche companies: is an ERP system the solution?

Abstract.  Niche companies are per definition idiosyncratic. They survive in a competitive world by mastering a small market niche, providing what their customers need. This often requires a flexible organization, and the ability to customize products. To be more efficient, many of these companies rely on extensive use of IT, often by installing general Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. These systems have grown from isolated systems that handle planning based on incoming orders and the component structure of the various products, to systems with ambitions to embrace the total functioning of the company including vendor and customer relation management. In this paper, we present four case studies. One company is a part of a large enterprise, but performs niche functions within this enterprise. The other three are small- or medium-sized enterprises. Each of these performs in small niche markets. Common to all is the fact that they encounter problems with the utilization of their ERP systems. The major problem seems to be that the ERP system has an inherent business model that may not conform to the needs of the company. Without a good understanding of the underlying models and the constraints under which the fundamental algorithms operate, it is difficult to use these systems correctly. Even excellent systems may give bad results if they are applied to situations where they are not suited. Further, the monolithic structure of an ERP system, with a rather complicated parameter setting, is often insufficient to mould the system to the needs of a niche company. We discuss these problems based on our four case studies, and offer alternative approaches that may be considered.     

人字闸门底枢结构改进及材料选用

阐述了人字闸门底枢结构组成，分析并总结了现有蘑菇头与铜衬套的优缺点，在此基础上提出了一种全新结构的底枢，其特点是在蘑菇头骨架上镶嵌一层可拆卸的高分子工程合金材料——MGB，铜衬套将改用坚固耐用、耐腐蚀的不锈钢材料，两者的结合，将为人字门船闸底枢的设计提供长寿命、免维护的选择方案，有利于延长船闸的使用、维修周期，便于维修更换，具有一定的市场潜力和较大的社会价值，值得船闸工程开发设计、工程建设以及制造安装等单位推广和应用。     

Definition of the specific roles of lysolecithin and palmitic acid in altering the susceptibility of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers to phospholipase A2

Bilayers composed of phosphatidylcholine initially resist catalysis by phospholipase A2. However, after a latency period, they become susceptible when sufficient reaction products (lysolecithin and fatty acid) accumulate in the membrane. Temperature near the main bilayer phase transition and calcium concentration modulate the effectiveness of the reaction products. The purpose of this study was to examine the individual contributions of lysolecithin and palmitic acid to the susceptibility of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles and to rationalize the effects of temperature and calcium. Various fluorescent probes (Prodan, Laurdan, pyrene-labeled fatty acid, and dansyl-labeled phospholipid) were used to assess changes in the ability of the reaction products to perturb the bilayer and to affect the interactions with the enzyme. Un-ionized palmitic acid decreased bilayer polarity and perturbed the membrane surface exposing some of the Prodan to bulk water. Lysolecithin increased bilayer polarity and the rate of dipolar relaxation in response to the excited states of Laurdan and Prodan. A combination of the individual contributions of each product was observed when palmitic acid and lysolecithin were present together at low calcium, and the effects of lysolecithin dominated at high calcium. Palmitic acid, but not lysolecithin, promoted the binding of phospholipase A2 to the bilayer surface in the absence of calcium. Lysolecithin reduced the ability of fatty acid to enhance binding apparently by altering the structure of fatty acid domains in the membrane. Furthermore, increased temperature and ionization of the fatty acid tended to cause segregation of bound phospholipase A2 into domains poor in phospholipid content which presumably impeded bilayer hydrolysis. In contrast, un-ionized palmitic acid and lysolecithin promoted hydrolysis by augmenting a step distal to the adsorption of enzyme to the bilayer. This kinetic response to lysolecithin was calcium-dependent. A model accounting for these varied influences of the reaction products is presented.     

Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome

The congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome is characterized by pseudobulbar palsy, moderate delay in mental and motor development and epilepsy. Three characteristic case stories are presented. Epileptic seizures are most frequently generalized: tonic, astatic, atypical absences and tonic-clonic seizures. Partial seizures are less frequent. Seizure control is often unsatisfactory. Neuroimaging demonstrates thickening of the cerebral cortex in the perisylvian area bilaterally; these changes together with the clinical picture establish the diagnosis. The etiology is unknown.