耗材厂商眼中的光盘产业

设备销售常常被比作一个产业的晴雨表,而原材料的销售在这个尺度的销售方面具有更加贴切的表现力。原料市场的销售总量不能代表设备市场的需求,而设备市场也不能代表原料市场的需求。 设备的销售情况是展现制造业的信心的一个窗口,而原材料的销售情况则表现了产业的发展是否健康。这种情况在过去的18个月中让Ciba、     

Bioproduction of Perillyl Alcohol and Related Monoterpenes by Isolates of Bacillus stearothermophilus

Bacillus stearothermophilus BR388 was isolated from orange peel by an enrichment culture using (+)-limonene. The thermophilic isolate exhibited growth between 45 and 68°C., with optimum growth near 55°C. BR388 could grow on limonene as a sole carbon source, but grew and degraded limonene more effectively when supplemented with small amounts of yeast extract. Perillyl alcohol was the major conversion product, with α-terpineol and perillyl aldehyde as minor products. Strains of B. stearothermophilus previously isolated from aromatic enrichments also grew on limonene, but had higher sensitivity to limonene toxicity than did BR388.     

TEXTURE STABILITY OF HYDROGEL COMPLEX CONTAINING CURDLAN GUM OVER MULTIPLE FREEZE–THAW CYCLES

The texture stability of hydrogel complexes containing curdlan gum over multiple freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) was investigated. The hydrogels formed by curdlan and xanthan gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan or guar gum at various combinations were stored at 4C for 24 h before subjected to five FTCs alternating between − 16 (18 h) and 25C (6 h). Xanthan/curdlan hydrogels showed the highest freeze–thaw stability in terms of syneresis, heat stability and adhesiveness. The viscosity of xanthan/curdlan combination was the lowest among all samples studied yet the most stable over the five FTCs, whereas significant changes were observed with locust bean/curdlan hydrogels. The guar/curdlan combination before freeze–thaw treatments exhibited predominant elasticity; however, as the cycles progressed the elasticity decreased. The most stable gel strength was achieved when curdlan was combined with guar or xanthan at 2% (w/v) total concentration, while carrageenan/curdlan gels were the least stable.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Texture instability remains the most significant challenge for frozen food products, especially with inevitable post-production temperature fluctuations. Loss of moisture and changes in textural attributes often results in significant reduction of product quality. Precise control of hydrogel complexes that provide texture stabilization over multiple freeze–thaw cycles will enhance the quality of existing products while enabling the development of new ones.     

Influence of added lyophilized butter serum on the heat stability of unconcentrated and concentrated bovine milk

The influence of added lyophilized butter serum on the heat stability of milk was investigated. The addition of lyophilized serum from salted butter to unconcentrated skimmed milk (SM) reduced the heat coagulation time (HCT) at, and increased the pH of, the maximum in the pH–HCT profile and caused disappearance of the minimum. NaCl had similar effects on the heat stability of SM as lyophilized salted butter serum, whereas lyophilized serum from unsalted butter had little effect. The addition of lyophilized salted butter serum to concentrated skimmed milk (CSM) also shifted the pH of maximum heat stability to a higher value and, at certain concentrations, increased the maximum HCT; similar effects were obtained on addition of NaCl, but lyophilized serum from unsalted butter had little effect. These results suggest that the effects of lyophilized serum from salted butter on the heat stability of SM or CSM are due primarily to the presence of a high level of NaCl in this serum.     

顶壳

在旧金山的约瑟夫·L·阿利奥托演艺广场,面对着旧金山市政厅,最南端的美国梧桐的顶部4500镑新伐的柳枝交织,一系列的圆锥体构成了这个“顶壳”,使其看起来就像自然生长的树木一样——春华秋实。     

逆向供应链

逆向供应链是指企业为了从客户手中回收使用过的产品所必需的一系列活动。其目的是对回收品进行处置,或者再利用。研究表明,有效的逆向供应链能够提升顾客满意度,同时增加企业利润。其中对退换货物的处理,也就是逆向物流一环更成为很多企业提升竞争力的利器。公司只要仔细分析自身的逆向物流链,就可能发现其中还有许多可以改进之处。     

Human reasoning about artificial intelligence

Abstract

Recently, several authors (Searle, Penrose, Rychlak) have suggested that AI is a doomed undertaking. In his recent book, Artificial Intelligence and Human Reasoning, Joseph Rychlak repeats many of the arguments of the other critics, as well as offering several of his own. In this paper, taking Rychlak as symptomatic of this new anti-computational intellectual movement, we respond to these arguments and defend AI and personal construct theory against some of the misunderstandings and confusions which we find there.     

STAND-ALONE PV SYSTEMS AND THEIR FUTURE

Stand alone systems represent more than 80% of the market and are most often used in isolated and less developed areas. They are used for three types of applications: service application, isolated buildings, islands and small communities. The three topics are complementary: technology maturity is the result of service application experience; island systems have to supply main collective needs and economic activities in “solarized areas, PV houses will be the “Pace Setter”

Rural electrification and consumer products appear as the most promising market in the near future. New simple conditions have to be met to start this market for the benefit of remote areas in developed and developing countries. Twenty one suggestions for a 21st solar century are presented, including three kinds of problems:Financial: save, transfer, lend money, take off the tax, subsidy panels, reduce distribution cost;

Technical: high efficiency appliances, high quality components, long and harmonise life-time,

simplify wiring, modularity and simple information.

Human: attractive appliances, installation own, pay, install, maintain by users

An international programme to give a minimum of conveniences to 2 to 3 billion inhabitants is possible with the money saved by replacing all former solutions. The 21 suggestions allowing such as international programme have still to be brought together.