INSIGHT VERSUS DESENSITIZATION IN PSYCHOTHERAPY TWO YEARS AFTER TERMINATION.

A TEST BATTERY ASSESSING SPECIFIC AND GENERAL TREATMENT EFFECTS WAS READMINISTERED TO SS PREVIOUSLY ASSESSED BEFORE TREATMENT, AFTER TREATMENT, AND AT A 6-WK FOLLOW-UP FROM GROUPS UNDERGOING INDIVIDUAL PROGRAMS OF (1) MODIFIED SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION, (2) INSIGHT-ORIENTED PSYCHOTHERAPY, (3) ATTENTION-PLACEBO TREATMENT, AND (4) NO TREATMENT. HIGHER RETURN RATES WERE OBTAINED THAN IN ANY PREVIOUS LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP, REVEALING MAINTAINANCE OF IMPROVEMENT FOUND EARLIER FOR INTERPERSONAL PERFORMANCE ANXIETY. SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION RESULTED IN THE GREATEST SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT (85%), FOLLOWED BY INSIGHT-ORIENTED PSYCHOTHERAPY AND ATTENTION PLACEBO (50% EACH), AND UNTREATED CONTROLS (22%). CHANGES WERE RELIABLE, PREDICTABLE, AND SHOWED EVIDENCE OF FURTHER GENERALIZATION. NO EVIDENCE OF RELAPSE OR SYMPTOM SUBSTITUTION WAS OBTAINED, ALTHOUGH THEY WERE SPECIFICALLY SOUGHT. METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF FOLLOW-UP STUDIES ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. (36 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Calcium Segregation to a Magnesium Oxide (100) Surface

The segregation of calcium to a (100) cleavage surface of an MgO crystal, with bulk calcium concentration of 200 ppm was measured in situ at T =900° to 1450°C in ultrahigh vacuum, using Auger and low-energy ion-scattering spectroscopies. A measured heat of segregation of approximately -50.3 kJ/mol (-12 kcal/mol) is in favorable agreement with a value of -58.7 kJ/mol (-14 kcal/mol) determined using solute strain energy and surface free energy criteria. The equilibrium value for the calcium segregation between 950° and 1000°C is estimated to correspond to a 20% occupation of the surface cation sites.