气象集合预报的研究进展

集合预报是数值预报发展的一个重要方向,相对于单一的确定性预报,它考虑了初值及模式的不确定性,其结果反映了未来天气的多种状况,能为用户提供确定性预报所不能提供的信息(如预报结果的可信度等)。降水信息是水文预报系统的核心输入,单一的降水预报存在着不确定性,从而使得水文预报也存在不确定性。这种不确定性制约了水利工程调度的科学性。集合预报在一定程度上能解决这种不确定性。从而在水文领域,气象集合预报具有较高的应用价值。为了水文工作者能够更好地应用集合预报,本文首先基于系统的角度,对集合预报系统中的初值扰动、模式扰动和集合预报产品等研究现状及成果进行了评述,然后分析了降水集合预报产品在水文预报领域中的应用情况,最后对集合预报在水文领域中的应用进行了展望。     

大伙房模型在石佛寺流域洪水预报方案中的应用

为了提高辽河流域洪水预报精度,缓解流域下游的防洪压力,为水库防洪调度提供科学依据,现以水文自动测报系统为技术支持,以大伙房模型为例研究了石佛寺水库的洪水预报方案,并使用粒子群算法对大伙房模型进行了参数优选。计算结果表明,模拟预报结果都属于甲级方案,预报方案合理,并且符合石佛寺流域的结构特点,充分反映了洪水的时空变化,可用于石佛寺水库的预报调度。     

PID参数性能分析及改进

PID控制器在工业过程控制中得到广泛的应用.但传统PID控制器对大滞后、时变和非线性等被控对象的控制性能不够理想.而模糊集理论在处理不确定复杂化的决定或不明确过程时起着重要的作用.忆阻器可以根据电压的改变自动调整,所以忆阻器被作为可调整增量,可以代替PID控制器电路中的电阻,构成M-PID控制器.     

信息化时代高校档案管理人员的职业素质

随着人类社会信息化的到来,档案学研究领域的开阔与多学科化,研究内容的丰富与深化,档案工作实践中层出不穷的新事物、新问题要求高校档案工作人员具有较高的综合素质。当今社会信息技术的发展速度已经超过了档案行业队伍建设的速度,因此对档案管理人员的培训和培养迫在眉睫。     

Vacuum preloading combined electroosmotic strengthening of ultra-soft soil

To assess the effectiveness of vacuum preloading combined electroosmotic strengthening of ultra-soft soil and study the mechanism of the process, a comprehensive experimental investigation was performed. A laboratory test cell was designed and applied to evaluate the vacuum preloading combined electroosmosis. Several factors were taken into consideration, including the directions of the electroosmotic current and water induced by vacuum preloading and the replenishment of groundwater from the surrounding area. The results indicate that electroosmosis together with vacuum preloading improve the soil strength greatly, with an increase of approximately 60%, and reduce the water content of the soil on the basis of consolidation of vacuum preloading, howeve~ further settlement is not obvious with only 1.7 mm. The reinforcement effect of vacuum preloading combined electroosmosis is better than that of electroosmosis after vacuum preloading. Elemental analysis using X-ray fluorescence proves that the soil strengthening during electroosmotic period in this work is mainly caused by electroosmosis-induced electrochemical reactions, the concentrations of Al2O3 in the VPCEO region increase by 2.2%, 1.5%, and 0.9% at the anode, the midpoint between the electrodes, and the cathode, respectively.     

Self-adaptive PID controller of microwave drying rotary device tuning on-line by genetic algorithms

The control design, based on self-adaptive PID with genetic algorithms(GA) tuning on-line was investigated, for the temperature control of industrial microwave drying rotary device with the multi-layer(IMDRDWM) and with multivariable nonlinear interaction of microwave and materials. The conventional PID control strategy incorporated with optimization GA was put forward to maintain the optimum drying temperature in order to keep the moisture content below 1%, whose adaptation ability included the cost function of optimization GA according to the output change. Simulations on five different industrial process models and practical temperature process control system for selenium-enriched slag drying intensively by using IMDRDWM were carried out systematically, indicating the reliability and effectiveness of control design. The parameters of proposed control design are all on-line implemented without iterative predictive calculations, and the closed-loop system stability is guaranteed, which makes the developed scheme simpler in its synthesis and application, providing the practical guidelines for the control implementation and the parameter design.     

减压蜡油加氢脱硫工艺及宏观动力学模型研究

以3种不同VGO为原料,在200 mL固定床连续等温加氢试验装置上,考察了反应温度、氢分压、体积空速、氢油体积比等工艺条件对加氢精制催化剂A脱硫反应的影响,同时建立了相应的关联曲线,探讨工艺条件对精制油中硫含量的影响趋势。建立了减压蜡油加氢脱硫宏观动力学模型,对动力学模型进行优化计算和实验验证,结果表明模型具有一定的预测精度。     

基于CDIO大学生创新团队实践探索

基于CDIO工程教育理念,大学生通过构建创新团队,以实际工程课题作为研究对象,进行工程专业知识的学习,培养自主学习的科研能力。在实践活动中不断发现和解决新问题,有效激发学生的研究热情和创新精神。实践表明：大学生团队研究性学习模式更加符合CDIO工程教育大纲,培养出更加适应社会需求、专业知识更加扎实的大学毕业生。     

疏港公路海底抛石施工工艺及三维可视化系统研究

疏港公路在海底抛石施工中,由于海面风力强、潮汐的影响大,施工和测控难度相对较高.为了适应海上疏港公路抛石施工的需要,基于DTM建模技术自主研发了海底抛石施工计算机辅助系统,用Visual Studio 2005编程实现了海底地形云图显示、抛石工程量计算和动态水深预警等相关关键技术.在此基础上,系统研究了疏港公路海底抛石施工的工艺原理、流程和具体操作要点.研究结果表明:海底地形云图和动态水深预警可以直观反映海底地形情况,为施工组织和进度安排提供指导;根据潮水特点和不同船只安全航行水深,利用开体驳、平板驳等多种船只协同施工配合抛石,可以有效避免船只搁浅;采用陆抛进占法和大侧小中抛石法进行抛石施工,可确保抛石的准确性和密实性.