燕化公司“全面能源管理”的经验

燕化公司在20余年能源管理的实践中,根据自身的生产特点,逐步摸索出了一条全员、全面、全过程节能管理经验,这对从传统的能源管理转向全面能源管理具有实际意义.     

Robust Frame Synchronization for Noisy PCM Systems

Serial digital transmission requires reliable frame synchronization at the receiver in order to demultiplex and recover the transmitted signals. This paper proposes a faster and more robust method of detecting frame synchronization. A large serial memory is used to store sufficient received history to include all bits of the synchronizing codeword. Equations have been developed which predict the search and "in frame" performance. These equations have been verified with laboratory models. Using, for example, the well-known D3 PCM system, the reframe time is improved from 48 to 3 ms. With an error rate of 1 percent, the predicted "in frame" time is improved from 1.9 s to several centuries! Techniques for hardware implementation are suggested and application to the extended framing format is discussed.     

江河风浪计算中的一些问题

讨论了江河堤防设计中波浪要素计算的一些问题，如计算风速选取，风区长度确定，波高统计分布等。基于实测风浪资料验证分析后认为：目前常用的计算方法，用于计算风向大致垂直于水流方向时是可行的；但当计算风向与水流方向大致平行时，计算结果误差甚大。     

广蓄电站高压管道排水系统布置

本文介绍广州抽水蓄能电站一期工程高压隧洞、高压岔管及高压引水钢支管的排水系统布置及其充水试验后的效果。     

Identification and fine tuning of closed‐loop processes under discrete EWMA and PI adjustments

Conventional process identification techniques of a open‐loop process use the cross‐correlation function between historical values of the process input and of the process output. If the process is operated under a linear feedback controller, however, the cross‐correlation function has no information on the process transfer function because of the linear dependency of the process input on the output. In this paper, several circumstances where a closed‐loop system can be identified by the autocorrelation function of the output are discussed. It is assumed that a proportional integral controller with known parameters is acting on the process while the output data were collected. The disturbance is assumed to be a member of a simple yet useful family of stochastic models, which is able to represent drift. It is shown that, with these general assumptions, it is possible to identify some dynamic process models commonly encountered in manufacturing. After identification, our approach suggests to tune the controller to a near‐optimal setting according to a well‐known performance criterion. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

TAR—Ni的配合物吸附极谱催化波的研究

本文研究了在0.030M NaOH—0.040M Na_3C_6H_5O_7—0.6％NaAc介质中、TAR试剂[4—(2—噻唑偶氮)间苯二酚]与Ni生成的配合物的极谱催化波。此催化波具有很高的灵敏度。峰电位在—0.78V(相对大面积银丝醮录电极)检测限为0.1ppb镍浓度与峰电流关系在0.5ppb—200ppb范围内呈良好的线性关系。本文进行了水样中镍的含量的测定。方法简便、快速、结果较为满意。     

Thermal Green’s functions in plane anisotropic bimaterials with spring-type and Kapitza-type imperfect interface

By means of the extended version of the Stroh formalism for uncoupled thermo-anisotropic elasticity, two-dimensional Green’s function solutions in terms of exponential integrals are derived for the thermoelastic problem of a line heat source and a temperature dislocation near an imperfect interface between two different anisotropic half-planes with different thermo-mechanical properties. The imperfect interface investigated here is modeled as a generalized spring layer with vanishing thickness: (1) the normal heat flux is continuous at the interface, whereas the temperature field undergoes a discontinuity which is proportional to the normal heat flux; (2) the tractions are continuous across the interface, whereas the displacements undergo jumps which are proportional to the interface tractions. This kind of imperfect interface can be termed a thermally weakly conducting and mechanically compliant interface. In the Appendix we also present the isothermal Green’s functions in anisotropic bimaterials with an elastically stiff interface to demonstrate the basic ingredients in the analyses of a stiff interface.     

Patent activity on water pollution and treatment in China—a scientometric perspective

This research intends to investigate the patent activity on water pollution and treatment in China (1985–2007), and then compares the results with patents data about Triadic patents, South Korea, Brazil and India over the same periods, patents data were collected from Derwent World Patents Index between 1985 and May 2008. For this study, 169,312 patents were chosen and examined. Total volume of patents, technology focus, assignee sector, priority date and the comparison with other countries are analyzed. It is found that patents on water pollution and treatment filed at China have experienced a remarkable increase and the increase rate of patents filed at China change simultaneous with the percentage of domestic applications. However, the number of high quality Triadic patents with priority country as China remains small. Furthermore, in addition to individual patent assignees, both Chinese universities and enterprises also play important roles in patent activity of water pollution and treatment. In addition, the pattern of South Korea’s development can provide short-term implications for China and the regularity in Triadic patents’ development can provide some guidance to China’s long-term development. In contrast, the development pattern of Brazil and India is less influential to China’s development. Furthermore, China’s technology focuses on water pollution and treatment seem to parallel global and triadic patent trends. This research provides a comprehensive picture of China’s innovation capability in the area of water pollution and treatment. It will help China’s local governments to improve their regional S&T capability and will provide support the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Project in China.     

Crystal growth and characterization of CuI single crystals by solvent evaporation technique

Cuprous iodide (CuI) crystals are grown by slow evaporation technique in three different solvents. Large CuI single crystals with dimensions of 7.5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm are obtained in pure acetonitrile solvent at 40 °C. The as-grown crystals are analyzed by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, current-voltage characteristic and photoluminescence spectrum. The results show that the CuI crystal has the zinc-blende structure with no secondary phase. The elemental Cu/I ratio is 1.09:1. The melting point of the crystal is 875 K and two phase transitions occur from room temperature to its melting point. The electrical conductivity of CuI platelet crystal is in the range of 1.11-2.38 Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹. Under ultraviolet excitation, the CuI crystals exhibit three emission bands with peak positions at 426, 529 and 671 nm. The nature of the luminescence is discussed.     

Effect of solution concentration on surface morphology and photocatalytic activity of ZnO thin films synthesized by hydrothermal methods

ZnO thin films were synthesized via hydrothermal method on silicon substrate at various solution concentrations. The thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscope and UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The results show that the thin films are polycrystalline with wurtzite hexagonal structure. The T _c values of (101) surface of the thin film increase from 0.929 to 1.840 at first, and then decrease to 0.779 with increasing solution concentration. The preferential orientation along the (101) crystal surface can be controlled by changing the solution concentration. Solution concentration has a significant effect on surface morphology of the thin films. The optical band gap of the thin films decreases, when the solution concentration of zinc nitrate hexahydrate increases from 0.01 to 0.06 mol/L and then increases when the solution concentration of zinc nitrate hexahydrate further increases to 0.08 mol/L. Photocatalytic activity of the thin films on degradation of methyl orange under UV light irradiation was studied in detail. The ZnO thin film with many cracks prepared from 0.01 mol/L shows the higher photocatalytic activity but the tower-like ZnO thin film prepared from 0.08 mol/L reveals the lower photocatalytic activity. Therefore, the photocatalytic activity of the thin films are mainly relate to surface morphology and crystallographic orientation.