The existence of "Nederwiet", a new fact in the history of cannabis

Our purpose was to examine the role of radiotherapy in the management of phyllodes tumor of the breast. Eight patients were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy for nonmetastatic phyllodes tumor of the breast at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between December 1988-August 1993. Tumors were classified as benign (n=2), borderline (indeterminate; n=1), or malignant (n=5). Median follow-up was 36.5 months. Primary surgery consisted of either lumpectomy in 2 patients or mastectomy in 6 patients. Seven patients received adjuvant radiation therapy to the breast or chest wall to a dose of 60 Gy. One patient received 50 Gy to the breast, followed by an interstitial boost of 20 Gy for a total of 70 Gy. Radiotherapy was administered for a combination of reasons, including bulky tumor volume, positive margins, recurrence, and/or malignant histology. There were no local or distant failures. This retrospective review suggests that adjuvant radiotherapy may be underutilized in the treatment of phyllodes tumor of the breast, particularly in patients with adverse features. Although treatment to the breast or chest wall (not the lymphatics) to a dose of 60 Gy appears effective, a dose-response has not been established, and lower doses (50-60 Gy) may be equally effective.     

Open loop testing of communication satellites from two in-orbit test (IOT) stations

The implementation of the IOT for the EUTELSAT II-F6 (HOT BIRD 1) spacecraft is based on the new concept of an ’open loop measurements‘ architecture connecting two IOT stations geographically separated. This architecture was implemented because the EUTELSAT test facilities in Rambouillet near Paris could not transmit in the 13 GHz band required by the HOT BIRD 1 up-link. The up-link carriers were thus provided by the ex-Olympus IOT antenna situated at the ESA facilities in Redu, Belgium, whereas all the down-link measurements and the test management were performed by the EUTELSAT test facility in Rambouillet. The two IOT stations were mutually connected by a dedicated data transmission line. The paper describes the changes that were made to the existing EUTELSAT and ESA facilities and the implementation of the new measurement software and of specific networking equipment, such as the remote server that was installed at Redu to control the up-link signals from the Rambouillet site. The paper also discusses the implementation of new satellite test procedures for remote measurements and in particular how the spacecraft channel group delay is measured from two independent stations in open loop mode.     

The effect of various dietary factors on the size distribution of lymph fat particles in rat

By means of cellulose acetate electrophoresis and measurement of radioactivity, lipoproteins (d≤1,006) of lymph collected from rats fed a diet containing fats added to labeled fatty acids for 20–24 hr, have been separated into two kinds differing in their size. Fats with different saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content were tested: corn oil, lard, mutton tallow, tripalmitin, corn oil-lard mixture, and randomized palmitic-linoleic triglycerides. Factors studied were: (a) increased amounts of these fats given alone or included in a test meal; (b) added amounts of nutrients (other than fats) in the test meal; (c) adaptation to a diet containing 20% fat for 10 days. The major part of the labeled lymph lipid was always transported by the smaller particles. Size distribution of lymph fat particles was influenced by some of the factors studied. Generally, unsaturated fats produced higher amounts of larger particles.     

Dynamics of Whitewater Consistency of a Pilot Paper Machine Using a PEO/Cofactor Retention Aid System

Experiments have been performed on a Fourdrinier pilot paper machine to characterize the behaviour of a Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) and Cofactor (CF) retention aid system under slow wire speed and very low shear conditions. Three wet‐end variables (PEO state of entanglement, PEO dosage and CF to PEO ratio) have been manipulated and the dynamic variations of whitewater consistency have been recorded. The identification of the dynamics shows that the three variables affect the whitewater consistency significantly. A semi‐empirical model based on mass balances has shown that the time constants of the system are determined by the mixing dynamics of the chemicals prior to the wire and by the whitewater recirculation loop dynamics. These findings have been confirmed by a dynamic simulation of the wet‐end section of the paper machine, which could be used to design advanced control strategies of this critical papermaking step.     

Subsurface crack initiation and propagation mechanisms in gigacycle fatigue

In the very high cycle regime (N_f > 10⁷ cycles) cracks can nucleate on inclusions, “supergrains” and pores, which leads to fish-eye propagation around the defect. The initiation from an inclusion or other defect is almost equal to the total crack growth lifetime, perhaps much more than 99% of this lifetime in many cases. Integration of the Paris law allows one to predict the number of cycles to crack initiation. A cyclic plastic zone around the crack exists, and recording the surface temperature of the sample during the test may allow one to follow crack propagation and determine the number of cycles to crack initiation. A thermo-mechanical model has been developed. In this study several fish-eyes from various materials have been observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the fractographic results analyzed as they related to the mechanical and thermo-mechanical models.     

Process planning strategy based on fixturing indicator evaluation

This paper deals with a process planning system whose strategy may be guided by machining difficulties, particularly the quality of the workpiece resulting from its fixturing while machining. Based on a global strategy where the machining operations are grouped into a set-up and the determination of the best fixturing of the workpiece are simultaneously processed, indices of the fixturing performance of the workpiece-fixture-cutter system are established. Those indices are initially calculated and then updated after each process planner’s decision. Their interpretation guides the strategy to be deployed. The system was implemented in a software called PROPEL. It is illustrated in the paper by an extract of a scenario of process planning.     

Modelling the Vibratory Drilling Process to Foresee Cutting Parameters

The poor removal of chips in deep drilling of small diameter is often the cause of tool breakage and poor quality surface. The vibratory drilling enables the chip to be split thanks to the axial vibrations of the drill self-maintained by the cutting energy. Therefore chips are then evacuated easily. A specific tool holder with a variable axial stiffness was developed by the authors. The amplitude of the vibrations is greater than the feed rate. Vibratory drilling has been modelled to predict the cutting conditions and the adjustment of the stiffness of the tool holder. The models and the performances of the self-excited vibratory drilling process were validated by an experimental study.