Preparation and properties of active submicronic solids and new metastable phases obtained via a metal-organic precursor method

The mixing of constituent ions on an atomic scale accomplished in single phase metal-organic precursors facilitates the occurrence and completion of the reactions such as decomposition, oxidation and reduction at reduced temperatures and in shorter times. This has been particularly shown for the first series of transition metals and for the lanthanide elements for which simple, and mixed oxides or their oxide solid-solutions have been prepared via decomposition and treatment of their respective organic salt precursors. The method gives compounds with increased homogeneity, purity and reactivity and allows isolation of submicronic solids and sometimes of new metastable phases, which could not have been obtained by high-temperature reactions. The morphological and other application properties of these submicronic solids and of new metastable phases can be widely modified and regulated by varying the composition and treatment given to the metal-organic precursors.     

Probing Thick Vegetation Canopies with a Field Microwave Scatterometer

With a narrow-beam field microwave scatterometer having a variable slant range and a small slant-range resolution, investigators can estimate the distribution of backscattering sources in a medium as a function of slant range. From this, they can calculate the backscattering coefficient. With less confidence, they can estimate the volume extinction coefficient, the volume density of backscattering cross sections, the transmittance, and the backscattering coefficient of a semiinfinite medium with the same volumetric microwave properties. These parameters allow one to understand the interactions of microwaves with media such as vegetation canopies with their substrates.     

Hundertkr?uter-Lik?r (Centerba)

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Housing Education

Unlike the situation in most advanced industrial societies-housing education and training in Australia has neither developed as a professional nor as an intellectual specialism.     

The forest biorefinery and its implementation in the pulp and paper industry: Energy overview

Incorporating a biorefinery unit to an operating Kraft pulping process has significant technological, economic and social advantages over the construction of a grassroot biorefinery. Also, the conversion of a Kraft mill from total pulp making to complete biorefinery can be done in a stepwise fashion and so give a company that envisages such transformation the opportunity to master the new technologies, evaluate options and develop an appropriate business plan. In all cases however, the road to conversion presents serious challenges. As components of the wood such as lignin or hemicelluloses are withdrawn from the Kraft pulp line, the heat production capacity from the recovery boiler where they are currently burnt is diminished. At the same time the operation of the added biorefinery unit increases the steam demand. In order to avoid fossil fuel dependency, the total site must be highly integrated and optimized. The application of an intensive and innovative energy optimization methodology to actual case studies has shown that the green, low GHG emissions biorefinery is feasible. The economics can be attractive for a site combining specialty wood pulp and bio-product, biomass gasification, power cogeneration and heat upgrading by optimally positioned and designed absorption heat cycles. The methodology has been applied to biorefining technologies for lignin and hemicelluloses extraction and valorisation, both technologies being coupled with gasification of wood residue.     

Early mothering experience and personality change.

This study examined the context of the early mothering experience and how that experience was related to personality change in 48 members of a longitudinal sample of women from age 21 (in 1958 or 1960), before any of them were married, to age 27 (in 1963 or 1964). Early motherhood was analyzed in terms of (a) how positively the woman described her experience and (b) how willing and able she was to maintain the full-time commitment considered necessary in the early 1960s. Path analyses showed that these two dimensions had somewhat different interrelations with mother's personality, the marriage, and husband's personality and participation as a father. However, both dimensions were related to relative increase in ego-resiliency and to relative decrease in feelings of vulnerability between ages 21 and 27, even when family and work variables were taken into account. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Referate

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