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51.
The discovery of conjunctive causes--factors that act in concert to produce or prevent an effect--has been explained by purely covariational theories. Such theories assume that concomitant variations in observable events directly license causal inferences, without postulating the existence of unobservable causal relations. This article discusses problems with these theories, proposes a causal-power theory that overcomes the problems, and reports empirical evidence favoring the new theory. Unlike earlier models, the new theory derives (a) the conditions under which covariation implies conjunctive causation and (b) functions relating observable events to unobservable conjunctive causal strength. This psychological theory, which concerns simple cases involving 2 binary candidate causes and a binary effect, raises questions about normative statistics for testing causal hypotheses regarding categorical data resulting from discrete variables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
52.
Industrial control applications are usually developed in two phases: control design and real-time system implementation. In the control design stage a regulator is obtained and later it is translated into an algorithm in the implementation phase. Traditionally, these two phases have been developed in separate ways. Recently, some works have pointed out the necessity of the integration of the control design and its implementation. One of these works reduce the delay variance of control tasks (defined as the control action interval (CAI) and data acquisition interval (DAI) parameters) splitting every task into three parts. The CAI reduction method highly reduces the delay variance and improves the control performance. This work shows how to evaluate these delays under static and dynamic scheduling policies. A new task model is proposed in order to reduce the CAI and DAI parameters, which implies an improvement in the control performance. The new task model will be implemented in a real process, and the experimental measurements will show how, effectively, the control performance is highly improved with the methods presented in this paper. 相似文献
53.
Friedman Richard; Sobel David; Myers Patricia; Caudill Margaret; Benson Herbert 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,14(6):509
The use of medical services is a function of several interacting psychological and social variables as well as a function of physical malfunction. The clinical significance of addressing patients' psychosocial issues has only occasionally been considered. However, the shift in health care economics toward health care maintenance is responsible for the increased interest in interventions in the domain of behavioral medicine and health psychology. Evidence is reviewed for 6 mechanistic pathways by which behavioral interventions can maximize clinical care and result in significant economic benefits. The rationale for further integration of behavioral and biomedicine interventions is also reviewed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
54.
Mariana P. Pinho Guilherme A. Lepski Roberta Rehder Nadia E. Chauca-Torres Gabriela C. M. Evangelista Sarah F. Teixeira Elizabeth A. Flatow Jaqueline V. de Oliveira Carla S. Fogolin Nataly Peres Analía Arvalo Venncio Alves Jos A. M. Barbuto Patricia C. Bergami-Santos 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(10)
Immunotherapy has brought hope to the fight against glioblastoma, but its efficacy remains unclear. We present the case of CST, a 25-year-old female patient with a large right-hemisphere glioblastoma treated with a dendritic–tumor cell fusion vaccine. CST showed a near-complete tumor response, with a marked improvement in her functional status and simultaneous increases in tumor-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Two months before recurrence, the frequency of tumor-specific T cells decreased, while that of IL-17 and CD4+ T cells increased. CST passed away 15 months after enrollment. In this illustrative case, the tumor-specific CD4+ T-cell numbers and phenotype behaved as treatment efficacy biomarkers, highlighting the key role of the latter in glioblastoma immunotherapy. 相似文献
55.
Karem Arriaza Constanza Cuevas Eduardo Pena Patricia Siques Julio Brito 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(13)
Hypobaric hypoxia is a condition that occurs at high altitudes (>2500 m) where the partial pressure of gases, particularly oxygen (PO2), decreases. This condition triggers several physiological and molecular responses. One of the principal responses is pulmonary vascular contraction, which seeks to optimize gas exchange under this condition, known as hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV); however, when this physiological response is exacerbated, it contributes to the development of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). Increased levels of zinc (Zn2+) and oxidative stress (known as the “ROS hypothesis”) have been demonstrated in the vasoconstriction process. Therefore, the aim of this review is to determine the relationship between molecular pathways associated with altered Zn2+ levels and oxidative stress in HPV in hypobaric hypoxic conditions. The results indicate an increased level of Zn2+, which is related to increasing mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), alterations in nitric oxide (NO), metallothionein (MT), zinc-regulated, iron-regulated transporter-like protein (ZIP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-induced protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) activation in the development of HPV. In conclusion, there is an association between elevated Zn2+ levels and oxidative stress in HPV under different models of hypoxia, which contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism involved in HPV to prevent the development of HAPH. 相似文献
56.
Francillette Yannick Boucher Eric Bier Nathalie Lussier Maxime Bouchard Kévin Belchior Patricia Gaboury Sébastien 《User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction》2020,30(5):895-947
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction - Intelligent environments may improve the independence and quality of life of persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease... 相似文献
57.
Iván Cores Gabriel Rodríguez Mará J. martín Patricia González Roberto R. Osorio 《New Generation Computing》2013,31(3):163-185
The execution times of large-scale parallel applications on nowadays multi/many-core systems are usually longer than the mean time between failures. Therefore, parallel applications must tolerate hardware failures to ensure that not all computation done is lost on machine failures. Checkpointing and rollback recovery is one of the most popular techniques to implement fault-tolerant applications. However, checkpointing parallel applications is expensive in terms of computing time, network utilization and storage resources. Thus, current checkpoint-recovery techniques should minimize these costs in order to be useful for large scale systems. In this paper three different and complementary techniques to reduce the size of the checkpoints generated by application-level checkpointing are proposed and implemented. Detailed experimental results obtained on a multicore cluster show the effectiveness of the proposed methods to reduce checkpointing cost. 相似文献
58.
59.
Eleni Koliakou Manthou Maria Eleni Ioanna Koumentakou Nikolaos Bikiaris Polyanthi Konstantinidou Patricia Rousselle Doxakis Anestakis Elisabeth Lazaridou Evangelia Kalloniati Dimosthenis Miliaras Anna Michopoulou 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(12)
Syndecans act as independent co-receptors to exert biological activities and their altered function is associated with many pathophysiological conditions. Here, syndecan-1 and -4 were examined in lesional skin of patients with psoriasis. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed altered syndecan-1 distribution and revealed absence of syndecan-4 expression in the epidermis. Fibronectin (FN)—known to influence inflammation and keratinocyte hyperproliferation via α5β1 integrin in psoriasis—was also decreased. Syndecan-1 and -4 expression was analyzed in freshly isolated lesional psoriatic human keratinocytes (PHK) characterized based on their proliferation and differentiation properties. mRNA levels of syndecan-1 were similar between healthy and PHK, while syndecan-4 was significantly decreased. Cell growth and release of the pro-inflammatory Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFα) were selectively and significantly induced in PHKs plated on FN. Results from co-culture of healthy keratinocytes and psoriatic fibroblasts led to the speculation that at least one factor released by fibroblasts down-regulate syndecan-1 expression in PHK plated on FN. To assay if biological treatments for psoriasis target keratinocyte proliferation, gelatin-based patches enriched with inteleukin (IL)-17α or TNFα blockers were prepared and tested using a full-thickness healthy epidermal model (Phenion®). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that both blockers impacted the localisation of syndecan-1 within the refined epidermis. These results provide evidence that syndecans expression are modified in psoriasis, suggesting that they may represent markers of interest in this pathology. 相似文献
60.
Britt Van Renterghem Agnieszka Wozniak Patricia Garrido Castro Patrick Franken Nora Pencheva Raf Sciot Patrick Schffski 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(14)
Doxorubicin (doxo) remains the standard of care for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS), even though response rates to doxo are only around 14% to 18%. We evaluated enapotamab vedotin (EnaV), an AXL-specific antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), in a panel of STS patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Eight models representing multiple STS subtypes were selected from our STS PDX platform (n = 45) by AXL immunostaining on archived passages. Models were expanded by unilateral transplantation of tumor tissue into the left flank of 20 NMRI nu/nu mice. Once tumors were established, mice were randomized into an EnaV treatment group, or a group treated with isotype control ADC. Treatment efficacy was assessed by tumor volume evaluation, survival analysis, and histological evaluation of tumors, and associated with AXL expression. EnaV demonstrated significant tumor growth delay, regression, and/or prolonged survival compared to isotype control ADC in 5/8 STS PDX models investigated. Experimental passages of responding models were all found positive for AXL at varying levels, but no linear relationship could be identified between the level of expression and level of response to EnaV. One model was found negative for AXL on experimental passage and did not respond to EnaV. This study provides a preclinical rationale for the evaluation of AXL-targeting ADCs in the treatment of AXL-expressing sarcomas. 相似文献