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121.
An examination of the influence of pressure and heating rate on the thermoplastic properties of a weakly coking coal and of coal with various pitch-like additives was carried out using a high pressure dilatometer. Pressure up to 4 MPa markedly increased the swelling properties and increased the plastic range by decreasing the softening temperature, but the effects of pressure were strongly influenced by rate of heating with high heating rates enhancing the effects. Additions of tar or pitch also enhanced swelling at low pressure. The solid carbonization residues from the dilatometer were examined by polarized light microscopy to determine the content and composition of optically anisotropic species. The anisotropic content was increased by increases in pressure and heating rate and pitch additives enhanced the anisotropic content, especially at low pressure, without affecting the composition of the anisotropy. No direct correlations exist between the dilatometric parameters and the optical anisotropy but their dependence on the conditions emphasizes that when considering high pressure gasification of coal, it is necessary to obtain data under appropriate conditions. 相似文献
122.
Patrick McGrath 《Electrochimica acta》2007,53(3):1365-1371
We use cyclic voltammetry (CV) on fuel cell electrodes to elucidate the important differences between adsorbates resulting from carbon monoxide adsorption and methanol adsorption onto commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts in a sulfuric acid electrolyte. Under open circuit conditions, methanol was found to adsorb preferentially onto the Pt sites associated with “strongly bound” hydrogen. The sites associated with “weakly bound” hydrogen adsorbed methanol more slowly. In the case of CO adsorption, which requires no adsorbate dehydrogenation, all adsorption sites showed similar affinity towards the adsorbate. Electrochemical oxidation of the adsorbates derived from both methanol and CO exposure exhibit slower oxidation when the adsorbate is associated with cubic-packed-like sites than from close-packed-steps and other sites. NMR of a 13CO-adlayer prepared by electrochemical adsorption from low concentration 13CH3OH shows a lower NMR shift and smaller linewidth than the previously reported values for electrochemically adsorbed 13CO gas. These results are interpreted in terms of adsorbate motion on the electrocatalyst surface. 相似文献
123.
Issam El Gmati Pierre Francois Calmon Ali Boukabache Patrick Pons Hatem Boussetta Mouhamed Adel Kallala Kamel Besbes 《Microsystem Technologies》2014,20(6):1085-1091
In this work, RF MEMS continuous reversible variable inductor has been fabricated by using microelectronic technology and lamination process. We review, evaluate and compare this variable inductor with other work. The proposed inductor is a dual circular coil and has an inductance of few nH. The fundamental idea is to place a liquid droplet between the metal turns of a coil in order to modify the capacitive/resistive coupling between metal tracks and hence to change the stored magnetic energy. The SU-8 resin was used to realize the microfluidic channels and Au as metallic tracks. To prove the reversibility of the inductor, two cases were studied: filling and emptying of channels. The tuning range of the inductance is approximately 107 % at 1.6 GHz, making these devices very suitable as building blocks in many RF applications. 相似文献
124.
125.
Social networking sites (SNS) have transformed how individuals interact, build and maintain social relationships. We proposed a research model on the determinants of user continuance using Bagozzi's framework of self-regulation as the theoretical foundation. Following the process of appraisal → emotional reactions → coping responses, we developed the model by leveraging findings from social presence and IS continuance research. Based on survey data from Facebook users, we found that appraisal factors (pleasure, awareness, connectedness, and system quality) were strong determinants of emotional reaction (user satisfaction and sense of belonging). User satisfaction and sense of belonging together positively influenced continuance intention. 相似文献
126.
Mary E. Mossey Yubin Xi Shayne K. McConomy Johnell O. Brooks Patrick J. Rosopa Paul J. Venhovens 《Applied ergonomics》2014
While much research exists on occupant packaging both proprietary and in the literature, more detailed research regarding user preferences for subjective ratings of steering wheel designs is sparse in published literature. This study aimed to explore the driver interactions with production steering wheels in four vehicles by using anthropometric data, driver hand placement, and driver grip design preferences for Generation-Y and Baby Boomers. In this study, participants selected their preferred grip diameter, responded to a series of questions about the steering wheel grip as they sat in four vehicles, and rank ordered their preferred grip design. Thirty-two male participants (16 Baby Boomers between ages 47 and 65 and 16 Generation-Y between ages 18 and 29) participated in the study. Drivers demonstrated different gripping behavior between vehicles and between groups. Recommendations for future work in steering wheel grip design and naturalistic driver hand positioning are discussed. 相似文献
127.
The modification of the interface in immiscible polymer blends is critical in order to optimize physical properties. Despite the great commercial importance of polymer blends, many aspects of the emulsification process remain unclear In this paper, it will be shown that an emulsification curve can be used to estimate the influence of the architecture molar mass of styrene/hydrogenated butadiene block copolymer interfacial modifiers on the emulsifion of polystyrene/ethylene-propylene rubber blends under melt processing conditions. An expression for eing the critical amount of copolymer to saturate the interface, as well as aspects concerning the localisation of the modifier in the blend system will also be addressed. 相似文献
128.
Samuel J.A. Guieu Anna Maria Manotti Lanfredi Chiara Massera Laura Durn Pachn Patrick Gamez Jan Reedijk 《Catalysis Today》2004,96(4):259-264
Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE), which is widely used in high-performance engineering plastics, is obtained by the copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling of 2,6-dimethylphenol. The oxidative polymerizations have been carried out in acetonitrile with structurally related [copper-(N,O-containing ligand)] complexes as the catalyst precursor compounds, which appeared to be of great interest for a better understanding of the factors influencing the catalytic activities. Steric effects (influence of a methyl group close to the metal center; ligands 4–7) or electronic effects (imino versus amino group; ligands 4, 5, 8 and 6, 7, 9, respectively) on the polymerization rates have been demonstrated. The use of mono- or dinucleating ligands has strengthened the proposed mechanism of the reaction involving dinuclear active species. 相似文献
129.
Jun-Ting Xu J.Patrick A. FaircloughShao-Min Mai Chiraporn ChaibunditM. Mingvanish C. BoothAnthony J. Ryan 《Polymer》2003,44(22):6843-6850
The crystallization behavior of poly(oxyethylene)-b-poly(oxybutylene) block copolymers with different compositions, morphologies and architectures (EmBn diblock copolymers and EmBnEm, BnEmBn triblock copolymers) were investigated and the effect of volume fraction and architecture on the crystallization temperature (Tc) in non-isothermal crystallization was determined. It is found that the EmBn diblock copolymers having long E blocks exhibit similar crystallization temperatures, irrespective of volume fraction and morphology, but for the block copolymers with shorter E blocks the crystallization temperature increases with both the volume fraction, φE, and the length, m, of the E block. Some block copolymers with extremely low Tc, which fall into the temperature range normally associated with homogenous nucleation, were chosen for time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and isothermal crystallization kinetics experiments. The results show that breakout crystallization occurs in all these block copolymers. Therefore, unlike EmBn/Bh blends, there is no obvious relationship between Tc and crystallization behavior in neat block copolymers and homogeneous nucleation does not definitely lead to confined crystallization. The values of χc/χODT for all the block copolymers with hex and bcc morphology were also calculated. It is found that all the block copolymers have χc/χODT<3, in agreement with the previously reported critical value and consistent with their breakout crystallization behavior. 相似文献
130.
Sykes EC Han P Kandel SA Kelly KF McCarty GS Weiss PS 《Accounts of chemical research》2003,36(12):945-953
Adsorbate interactions and reactions on metal surfaces have been investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. The manners in which adsorbates perturb the surface electronic structure in their vicinity are discussed. The effects these perturbations have on other molecules are shown to be important in overlayer growth. Interactions of molecules with surface steps are addressed, and each molecule's electron affinity is shown to dictate its adsorption sites at step edges. Standing waves emanating from steps are demonstrated to effect transient molecular adsorption up to 40 A away from the step edge. Halobenzene derivatives are used to demonstrate how the surface is important in aligning reactive intermediates. 相似文献