大口径火炮身管药室内膛裂纹电磁超声表面水平剪切波检测方法

大口径火炮身管药室内膛在射击过程中承受高温高压,易产生网状多裂纹,对安全性能造成隐患,但传统检测手段对内壁清洁度要求较高,且检测周期长.为此,提出基于电磁超声表面水平剪切波(SH波)的身管药室内膛裂纹检测方法,对缺陷进行检测.建立表面SH波电磁超声换能器的辐射声场有限元模型,分析永磁体长度和对数对辐射声场的影响,对电磁...     

旋转体制下鸭式布局弹箭正弦打舵气动特性分析

为了研究鸭式布局弹箭正弦打舵滚转控制时非对称姿态飞行的气动特性,根据滚转周期内的飞行姿态建立了4组模型,进行风洞实验,得到全弹的气动力变化规律; 采用基于三维Navier-Stokes方程求解的时空二阶精度的隐式迭代算法,建立数值计算模型,对流场进行数值模拟,得到不同攻角下飞行时的弹箭各部件气动力数据。结果表明数值模拟气动力数据与风洞实验结果有相似的变化规律。采用后处理软件分析了鸭舵下洗对尾翼的影响,得到结论:鸭式布局弹箭鸭舵洗流对尾翼干扰明显,非对称姿态下鸭舵对尾翼的洗流会使弹箭产生诱导滚转力矩,且该滚转力矩随攻角增大而增大。     

Research on paraffin removal and prevention by Bacillus spp. in high-salinity reservoirs

Problems in paraffin deposition occur frequently in oil exploitation. Considering the problem that some paraffin removal and prevention strains cannot grow in high-salinity reservoirs, we domesticated four salt-tolerant laboratory bacterial strains. Crude oil emulsification effect, paraffin removal rate, and paraffin prevention rate of the strains were evaluated. KB and JH-A strains exhibited good paraffin removal and prevention effects, with paraffin removal rates of 51.82% and 81.56%; and 51.82% and 80.90%, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of paraffin components before and after biodegradation was performed on KB and JH-A strains. Results showed that relative contents of n-alkanes between C15–C23 and C27–C30 evidently decreased, indicating their good biodegradation. This technique provides a new method for practical application of paraffin removal and prevention in high-salinity reservoirs.     

Petroleum substitution, greenhouse gas emissions reduction and environmental benefits from the development of natural gas vehicles in China

This study develops a bottom-up model to quantitatively assess the comprehensive effects of replacing traditional petroleum-powered vehicles with natural gas vehicles (NGVs) in China based on an investigation of the direct energy consumption and critical air pollutant (CAP) emission intensity, life-cycle energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity of NGV fleets. The results indicate that, on average, there are no net energy savings from replacing a traditional fuel vehicle with an NGV. Interestingly, an NGV results in significant reductions in direct CAP and life-cycle GHG emissions compared to those of a traditional fuel vehicle, ranging from 61% to 76% and 12% to 29%, respectively. Due to the increasing use of natural gas as a vehicle fuel in China (i.e. approximately 28.2 billion cubic metres of natural gas in 2015), the total petroleum substituted with natural gas was approximately 23.8 million tonnes (Mt), which generated a GHG emission reduction of 16.9 Mt of CO₂ equivalent and a CAP emission reduction of 1.8 Mt in 2015. Given the significant contribution of NGVs, growing the NGV population in 2020 will further increase the petroleum substitution benefits and CAP and GHG emission reduction benefits by approximately 42.5 Mt of petroleum-based fuel, 3.1 Mt of CAPs and 28.0 Mt of GHGs. By 2030, these benefits will reach 81.5 Mt of traditional petroleum fuel, 5.6 Mt of CAPs and 50.5 Mt of GHGs, respectively.     

大型LNG储罐预冷数值模拟

建立大型LNG储罐预冷模型,采用FLUENT软件对储罐低温气体预冷过程进行数值模拟,研究了储罐冷却过程中物理场的变化规律以及低温气体入口流量。结果表明:(1)大型LNG储罐预冷时,罐内气体温度最先降低,罐底比罐顶、罐壁最先冷却;(2)根据规范中对储罐预冷温降速率的要求调控低温气体的流量,提出五阶段LNG储罐逐步冷却方法,得到了不同阶段低温气体的入口流量。     

Study of the numerical simulation of tight sandstone gas molecular diffusion based on digital core technology

Diffusion is an important mass transfer mode of tight sandstone gas. Since nano-pores are extensively developed in the interior of tight sandstone, a considerable body of research indicates that the type of diffusion is mainly molecular diffusion based on Fick’s law. However, accurate modeling and understanding the physics of gas transport phenomena in nanoporous media is still a challenge for researchers and traditional investigation (analytical and experimental methods) have many limitations in studying the generic behavior. In this paper, we used Nano-CT to observe the pore structures of samples of the tight sandstone of western of Sichuan. Combined with advanced image processing technology, threedimensional distributions of the nanometer-sized pores were reconstructed and a tight sandstone digital core model was built, as well the pore structure parameters were analyzed quantitatively. Based on the digital core model, the diffusion process of methane molecules from a higher concentration area to a lower concentration area was simulated by a finite volume method. Finally, the reservoir’s concentration evolution was visualized and the intrinsic molecular diffusivity tensor which reflects the diffusion capabilities of this rock was calculated. Through comparisons, we found that our calculated result was in good agreement with other empirical results. This study provides a new research method for tight sandstone digital rock physics. It is a foundation for future tight sandstone gas percolation theory and numerical simulation research.     

KDP晶体高效二倍频理论计算

根据三波耦合方程研究了基波功率密度晶体长度，相位匹配类型，相位失配角，离散角等因素对ＫＤＰ晶体倍频转换效率的影响。给出了不同长度ＫＤＰ晶体Ⅱ类相位匹配的理论计算曲线，由此选择最佳条件进行实验，获得了８０％的倍频转换效率。     

热晕及其相位补偿数值模拟与定标规律研究

本文对激光通过大气传输引起的热晕进行数值模拟，并采用相位补偿的方法对热晕进行校正，从计算结果中得到经过相位补偿后，光束质量有较好的改善，Ｓｔｒｅｈｌ比有所提高。从模拟结果中还总结出补偿后的热晕 定标规律公式，发现热晕经补偿后的功率阈值提高３倍以上。     

Generation of Scattering Functions for Mobile Communication Channel: A Computer Simulation Approach

In this paper, an algorithm of generation of thescattering function by computer simulation for the WSSUSurban mobile communication channel is studied. Thescattering function, which contains much valuable information of the channel, is calculatedthrough three approaches. The empirical measuredparameter database and recommended standard methods areused to generate the scattering function as the firstand second approaches. An in-service measurement ofthe GSM network is performed in Singapore, in thefrequency range 935-960 MHz using the Rohde and SchwarzChannel Sounder. The data collected are used for the calculation, as the third approach. Thefour main characteristics of the channel, the Dopplerspread B_d, the multipath spreadT_m, the coherence time t, and thecoherence bandwidth f, are observed. The computer-calculated scattering function isshown to be an accurate and effective tool forsimulation of WSSUS channels. As a result, a softwarepackage is developed and utilized in the X-Windowenvironment for the simulation of the urban mobilecommunication channel. It can meet most of therequirements of both the system designers and theservice providers.