PD‐1 Blockade for Improving the Antitumor Efficiency of Polymer–Doxorubicin Nanoprodrug

Chemotherapy is well recognized to induce immune responses during some chemotherapeutic drugs‐mediated tumor eradication. Here, a strategy involving blocking programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) to enhance the chemotherapeutic effect of a doxorubicin nanoprodrug HA‐Psi‐DOX is proposed and the synergetic mechanism between them is further studied. The nanoprodrugs are fabricated by conjugating doxorubicin (DOX) to an anionic polymer hyaluronic acid (HA) via a tumor overexpressed matrix metalloproteinase sensitive peptide (CPLGLAGG) for tumor targeting and enzyme‐activated drug release. Once accumulated at the tumor site, the nanoprodrug can be activated to release antitumor drug by tumor overexpressed MMP‐2. It is found that HA‐Psi‐DOX nanoparticles can kill tumor cells effectively and initiate an antitumor immune response, leading to the upregulation of interferon‐γ. This cytokine promotes the expression of programmed cell death protein‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) on tumor cells, which will cause immunosuppression after interacting with PD‐1 on the surface of lymphocytes. The results suggest that the therapeutic efficiency of HA‐Psi‐DOX nanoparticles is significantly improved when combined with checkpoint inhibitors anti‐PD‐1 antibody (α‐PD1) due to the neutralization of immunosuppression by blocking the interaction between PD‐L1 and PD‐1. This therapeutic system by combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy further increases the link between conventional tumor therapies and immunotherapy.     

The Influence of Carbon Nitride Nanosheets Doping on the Crystalline Formation of MIL‐88B(Fe) and the Photocatalytic Activities

In this research, bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C₃N₄) is exfoliated and transferred to the carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNSs), which are then coupled with MIL‐88B(Fe) to form the hybrid. From the results of the powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, it is found that the doping of CNNSs on the surface of MIL‐88(Fe) could maintain the basic structure of MIL‐88B(Fe), and the smaller dimension of CNNSs might influence the crystallization process of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) compared to bulk g‐C₃N₄. Besides, the effects of the CNNSs incorporation on photocatalysis are also investigated. Through the photoluminescence spectra, electrochemical measurements, and photocatalytic experiments, the hybrid containing 6% CNNSs is certified to possess the highest catalytic activity to degrade methylene blue and reduce Cr(VI) under visible light. The improvement of the photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the matched energy level which favors the formation of the heterojunctions. Besides, it promotes the charge migration such that the contact between MOFs and CNNSs is more intimate, which can be inferred from the electronic microscopy images. Finally, a possible photocatalytic mechanism is put forward by the relative calculation and the employment of the scavengers to trap the active species.     

Highly Uniform Resistive Switching Properties of Solution‐Processed Silver‐Embedded Gelatin Thin Film

The silver‐embedded gelatin (AgG) thin film produced by the solution method of metal salts dissolved in gelatin is presented. Its simple fabrication method ensures the uniform distribution of Ag dots. Memory devices based on AgG exhibit good device performance, such as the ON/OFF ratio in excess of 10⁵ and the coefficient of variation in less of 50%. To further investigate the position of filament formation and the role of each element, current sensing atomic force microscopy (CSAFM) analysis as well as elemental line profiles across the two different conditions in the LRS and HRS are analyzed. The conductive and nonconductive regions in the current map of the CSAFM image show that the conductive filaments occur in the AgG layer around Ag dots. The migration of oxygen ions and the redox reaction of carbon are demonstrated to be the driving mechanism for the resistive switching of AgG memory devices. The results show that dissolving metal salts in gelatin is an effective way to achieve high‐performance organic–electronic applications.     

Graphene oxide-decorated Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>(MoO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>3</Subscript> microflowers as a promising anode for lithium and sodium storage

Mixed transition metal oxides (MTMOs) have received intensive attention as promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). In this work, we demonstrate a facile one-step water-bath method for the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) decorated Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ (FMO) microflower composite (FMO/GO), in which the FMO is constructed by numerous nanosheets. The resulting FMO/GO exhibits excellent electrochemical performances in both LIBs and SIBs. As the anode material for LIBs, the FMO/GO delivers a high capacity of 1,220 mAh·g^–1 at 200 mA·g^–1 after 50 cycles and a capacity of 685 mAh·g^–1 at a high current density of 10 A·g^–1. As the anode material for SIBs, the FMO/GO shows an initial discharge capacity of 571 mAh·g^–1 at 100 mA·g^–1, maintaining a discharge capacity of 307 mAh·g^–1 after 100 cycles. The promising performance is attributed to the good electrical transport from the intimate contact between FMO and graphene oxide. This work indicates that the FMO/GO composite is a promising anode for high-performance lithium and sodium storage.

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基于Multitone信号的伺服系统频率特性测试方法研究

提出了一种频率特性测试方法,该方法以Multitone信号作为激励信号来减少测试时间,并运用相关分析法作为数据处理方法来提高测试精度;以某型舵机系统为例,对该方法进行了实验验证;实验结果表明,其测试精度与传统的测试方法基本相同,测试时间减少一半;该方法能有效减少噪声对测量结果的影响,适合频率特性的快速高精度测试。     

航空发动机噪声地面反射效应计算方法

为了获得准确性更好、适用范围更广的航空发动机噪声地面反射效应计算方法,文章对不同地面声阻抗模型以及噪声干涉效应模型下的地面反射效应进行频率响应特征分析。与公开的试验数据进行对比,结果表明地面声阻抗模型是影响噪声地面反射效应的关键因素。当地面有效声阻抗的不确定性较大时,选择变量个数较少的地面声阻抗特征方程,可以获得准确性更高的噪声地面反射效应的预测结果。根据对比结果,文章提出了一种航空发动机噪声地面反射效应计算方法,为发动机噪声适航性预测程序的升级提供了优化思路。     

微波杀菌及包装材料的微波穿透性对湿豆皮保鲜品质的影响

目的 探究不同包装材料结合微波杀菌对湿豆皮保鲜效果的影响,为湿豆皮提供新的保鲜方案。方法 将湿豆皮分别装入OPP/PE和PET/PE/CPP材料的包装袋中,经密封后进行微波杀菌处理,测定其贮藏期间的指标。结果 经微波处理后,湿豆皮在OPP/PE中的表面温度比在PET/PE/CPP中高8 ℃,菌落总数少0.66 lg(CFU/g),说明微波更易穿透OPP/PE材料,更能有效延缓长期贮藏中因微生物活动造成的氧气含量下降和二氧化碳上升,延缓湿豆皮的pH值、水分含量和拉伸性的下降,抑制其TVB-N含量的上升,从而抑制组织结构的破坏,减缓脂质酸败的速率,还可减小色差的变化幅度,维持更高的感官评价得分。结论 采用微波处理能够有效延长湿豆皮的保鲜期,OPP/PE和PET/PE/CPP材料组湿豆皮的保鲜期分别延长了15、12 d左右,且对不同材料包装的湿豆皮品质的影响差异显著。采用微波穿透性更好的包装材料,其微波作用强度更大,杀菌效果更明显,保鲜效果更好。     

Room-Temperature Magnetic Skyrmions and Large Topological Hall Effect in Chromium Telluride Engineered by Self-Intercalation

Room-temperature magnetic skyrmion materials exhibiting robust topological Hall effect (THE) are crucial for novel nano-spintronic devices. However, such skyrmion-hosting materials are rare in nature. In this study, a self-intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide Cr_1+xTe₂ with a layered crystal structure that hosts room-temperature skyrmions and exhibits large THE is reported. By tuning the self-intercalate concentration, a monotonic control of Curie temperature from 169 to 333 K and a magnetic anisotropy transition from out-of-plane to the in-plane configuration are achieved. Based on the intercalation engineering, room-temperature skyrmions are successfully created in Cr_1.53Te₂ with a Curie temperature of 295 K and a relatively weak perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Remarkably, a skyrmion-induced topological Hall resistivity as large as ≈106 nΩ cm is observed at 290 K. Moreover, a sign reversal of THE is also found at low temperatures, which can be ascribed to other topological spin textures having an opposite topological charge to that of the skyrmions. Therefore, chromium telluride can be a new paradigm of the skyrmion material family with promising prospects for future device applications.