茶生物质/聚丙烯复合材料的制备与性能研究

为高值化利用茶产业剩余物资源,以废弃茶生物质(Tea biomass,TB)为填料,聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)为基体,采用密炼-注塑工艺制备了TB/PP复合材料,考察了茶生物质填料种类、处理方式及其添加量对复合材料结构、形态及性能的影响。实验结果显示,以茶树枝为生物质填料制备的复合材料力学性能最佳,茶梗次之,茶叶最差;茶梗填料经水煮和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯增容处理后,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、拉伸模量及弯曲模量分别提高了23.4%、9.0%、16.9%和13.9%。SEM图片显示茶梗填料与基体界面相容性提高。随茶梗填料用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸模量、弯曲模量逐渐增大,而拉伸强度及断裂伸长率缓慢下降,吸水率增加,热性能得到改善。当TS添加量为30%(质量分数)时,复合材料的拉伸强度比PP减小7.3%,但弯曲强度、弯曲模量及拉伸模量则分别提高11%、86.1%和54.7%。浸水80h后吸水率为0.89%。     

一种面向事务型数据库的无锁并发B+tree索引结构

为了克服现有多版本并发控制(MVCC)进行数据的并发访问控制中短暂阻塞的缺点,达到读写完全并发,提出了一种基于写时复制的多版本并发B+tree(BCMVBT)索引结构。BCMVBT通过复制分离读写的操作空间以使读写事务在任意时刻完全并发执行,规避比较与交换(CAS)操作带来的高CPU消耗,达到一写多读场景下的完全并发。同时针对现有多版本开发B+tree(MVBT)范围查询的复杂操作,提出了无锁的BCMVBT的范围查询算法和回收机制,从而实现了索引的插入、查询、更新与回收的无锁并发操作。通过与事务型MVBT(transaction MVBT)的对比,在读写并发环境下BCMVBT的时间消耗降低了50%,实验进一步表明BCMVBT在大事务的场景下具有更高的优势。     

小角度仪器零位误差调整方法研究

本文主要研究小角度仪器框式、条式水平仪零位误差校准技术原理,以及不同结构水平仪零位误差不合格时的调整方法。通过本项目的研究,解决了水平仪零位误差调修问题,完善现场校准工作,提高水平仪校准工作的完成效率。     

基于局部特征分块的面部表情识别研究

针对面部表情识别的特征提取与选择问题,本文首先提取出表情的全局Gabor特征以及面部关键点作为局部特征,将局部特征分为嘴部、左眼、右眼三个特征块,然后运用Procrustes analysis对各个特征块中心化、旋转、缩放,降低位置、大小不一致等因素的影响,最后对全局Gabor特征和局部特征分别在不同的PCA保留率下处理,将两种特征融合。实验结果表明,不论是单独的局部特征还是融合特征,block Procrustes analysis均可以显著的提高表情识别的性能,包括提高面部表情识别准确率的稳定性以及提高表情识别正确率的最大值。     

基于虚拟仪器的轴向变量柱塞泵测控系统

为了符合某企业的轴向柱塞泵测试要求,对轴向变量柱塞泵的静态性能的测试方法进行了研究,并设计及开发了该测控系统。该测控系统利用虚拟仪器技术、计算机技术、传感器技术、可编程逻辑控制器技术、数据采集卡技术等多种现代科学技术,实现了机电液一体化的控制。测控系统的关键参数如压力、转速、控制信号的测试精度通过闭环控制得到保证。在建立测试信息数据库后,测控系统能对按测试工序模块化自动连续完成一系列试验的测试。现场测试表明,该测控系统能对多种规格的轴向柱塞的静态性能(排量验证、变量特性、效率特性、超载试验)进行自动测试,同时测试结果良好。     

城市大面积停电事件影响及特征分析

为全面准确了解和把握大面积停电事件的诱发因素和基本特征,对国内外近十余年来发生的典型大面积停电事件进行梳理,从中归纳和总结出事态演化的基本规律.以大面积停电事件的诱发、发展和灾情蔓延过程作为逻辑主线,梳理出事件应对处置的各项主要任务;以有效完成这些任务为目标,全面梳理相关主体所需匹配的应急能力和应急资源,做好应对城市大面积停电事件应急准备工作,提升应急处置及救援能力.     

Ternary interfacial superstructure enabling extraordinary hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis

Realizing large-scale electrochemical hydrogen evolution in alkaline and neutral media by robust and non-noble-metal heterogeneous catalysts is highly ambitious due to the sluggish reaction kinetics at low H⁺ conditions. Herein, highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts, comprising Ni, NiO clusters, and defective carbon, are successfully constructed via a facile and large-scale route. Multiple synchrotron radiation-based X-ray spectroscopic characterizations, combining high-resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements, indicate the formation of ternary interfacial superstructure with intimate interfacial coupling through abundant NiOC bonds. Impressively, the optimized catalyst loaded onto the usual glass carbon electrode exhibits exceptional catalytic activities with overpotentials of 64 and 76?mV to reach 10?mA?cm^?2 in 1?M KOH and 1?M phosphate buffer solution (PBS), respectively, representing one of the best non-noble-metal HER electrocatalysts to date. Insights into the metal/oxide interfacial effects through density functional theory calculations reveal that the interface sites could efficiently lower the energy barrier of the rate-determining step (RDS), contributing to the fast reaction kinetics. This work not only provides comprehensive insights into interfacial feature of highly active HER catalysts but also broadens the fundamental understanding of interfacial effects toward HER catalysis.     

Reinforcement in Al Matrix Composites: A Review of Strengthening Behavior of Nano‐Sized Particles

Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with the nano‐sized particles are very important materials for the applications in industrial fields. These aluminum matrix composites consist of an aluminum matrix and nano‐sized particles, which own very different physical and mechanical properties from those of the matrix. Nano‐sized particles show a more obvious strengthening effect on the matrix than the micro‐sized particles do, because of the high specific surface area which is positive for the pinning effect during the deformation process. Thus, the nano‐sized particle‐reinforced AMCs usually exhibit a good ductility. The main issues of the fabrication methods are the low wettability between the nano‐sized particles and the molten aluminum alloys, which is fatal to the conventional casting methods, and the agglomeration of nano‐sized particles which happened easier than the larger particles. Several alternative processes have been presented in literature for the production of the nano‐sized particle‐reinforced aluminum composites. This paper is aimed at reviewing the feasible manufacturing techniques used for the fabrication of nano‐sized particle‐reinforced aluminum composites. More importantly, the strengthening mechanisms and models which are responsible for the improvement of mechanical properties of the nano‐sized particle‐reinforced aluminum composites have been reviewed.

     

Nucleation Crystallography of Ni Grains on CrFeNb Inoculants Investigated by Edge‐to‐Edge Matching Model in an IN718 Superalloy

In this work, the nucleation crystallography of CrFeNb intermetallic particles as a grain refiner for Ni‐based IN718 superalloys is studied using Edge‐to‐Edge Matching model. Three distinguishable orientation relationships between CrFeNb intermetallic particles and Ni grains are well predicted: , (111)_Ni 1.28° from (0004)_CrFeNb, , (111)_Ni 1.32° from _CrFeNb, and _Ni//[0001]_CrFeNb, (111)_Ni 0.72° from _CrFeNb. The results indicate that CrFeNb intermetallic particles have a strong nucleation potency as an effective grain refiner for Ni‐based superalloy and the existence of semi‐coherent interfaces between the CrFeNb intermetallic particles and Ni grains. Furthermore, the IN718 superalloy is used to experimentally validate the grain refinement effect of CrFeNb intermetallic particles, showing that its grain size is obviously refined from 8.60 to 1.23 mm. And, the corresponding heterogeneous nucleation mechanism of grain refinement at the atomic level is further identified.