Visualizing diversity and depth over a set of objects.

In many domains, the user is interested not only in including objects with particular desired values, but also in the distribution of values in the the set. Our approach for visualizing a set of objects uses glyphs overlaid on a composite representation of the entire set to convey objects' depth and the set's diversity. We test and apply this technique to three application domains: analyzing student applicant pools of a particular school or department, building an effective fantasy football team, and analyzing traffic activity on a network.     

Degradable networks formed from multi-functional poly(vinyl alcohol) macromers: comparison of results from a generalized bulk-degradation model for polymer networks and experimental data

Experimental and theoretical approaches were used to understand the degradation behavior of networks formed from the chain polymerization of multi-functional macromers. A typical experimental mass loss profile and theoretical model are presented and discussed to illustrate the various regions of erosion. Specifically, the degree of connectivity of the network was shown to influence the percent mass loss at reverse gelation, and the percent cyclization was shown to influence the overall shape of the mass loss profile. Finally, the theoretical predictions of mass loss were compared to experimental data for macromers with variations in their molecular weight and degree of functionality (i.e. variations in the initial network crosslinking density). Changes in the volumetric swelling ratio and compressive modulus were measured with time to obtain the degradation kinetic constant for each macromer system, ranging from 1.5×10⁻⁴ min⁻¹ to 3.0×10⁻⁵ min⁻¹. Results demonstrate that the theoretical predictions capture the mass loss profiles of all three systems, and as the crosslinking density of the initial network was decreased the overall time for complete degradation of the gels was also decreased.     

Group remembering: Does social loafing underlie collaborative inhibition?

When people collaborate to recall information, they experience collaborative inhibition, a deficit in recall relative to nominal groups (the pooled, nonredundant recall of individuals working alone). That is, people recalling in groups do not perform up to their potential. Collaborative inhibition may be due to retrieval interference (e.g., B. H. Basden, D. R. Basden, S. Bryner, & R. L. Thomas, 1997) or to motivational factors such as social loafing in the group situation. Five experiments examined the role of motivational factors by varying monetary incentives, recall criterion, personal accountability, group cohesion, and group gender. Increasing motivation sometimes increased the overall level of recall but failed to eliminate the collaborative inhibition effect. The results suggest that collaboration interferes with an individual's ability to reconstruct his or her knowledge. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Speech perception, vocabulary, and the development of reading skills in english among Korean- and English-speaking children.

This study examined the roles of speech perception and phonological processing in reading and spelling acquisition for native and nonnative speakers of English in the 1st grade. The performance of 50 children (23 native English speakers and 27 native Korean speakers) was examined on tasks assessing reading and spelling, phonological processing, speech perception, and receptive vocabulary at the start and end of the school year. Korean-speaking children outperformed native English speakers on each of the literacy measures at the start and end of 1st grade, despite differences in their initial phonological representations and processing skills. Furthermore, speech perception and phonological processing were important contributors to early literacy skills, independent of oral language skills, for children from both language groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A prevention program for children experiencing life crisis.

Describes the development and evaluation of a preventively oriented crisis intervention program for young children. 57 primary grade children who were experiencing the crisis-predisposing events of parental death, divorce or remarriage, major elective surgery, or birth of a sibling were seen by trained nonprofessional child-aides in the school setting. Child-aides employed abreactive and problem-solving techniques during twice weekly meetings with Ss over a 6 wk period. Program Ss showed significant improvement on measures of school adjustment problems and competencies (Classroom Adjustment Rating Scale, Health Resources Inventory) and the State-Trait Anxiety Index for Children. Analyses indicate that the program was most effective with Ss for whom the life events seemed most crisis precipitating. (23 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of war exposure on air force personnel's mental health, job burnout and other organizational related outcomes.

Longitudinal data from a stratified representative sample of U.S. Air Force personnel (N = 1009) deployed to the wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other locations were analyzed in this study. Using structural equation models, we examined the effects of war exposure on traumatic experiences, Post Traumatic Stress (PTS) symptoms, resource loss, and on subsequent functioning, perceived health, and on job and organizationally relevant outcomes. The job and organizational outcomes included job burnout, job involvement, job strain, job satisfaction, work-family conflict, organizational commitment, deployment readiness, and intention to reenlist. We found that deployment to the theater of the war increased risk of exposure to trauma, which in turn, predicted elevated PTS symptoms and resource loss. PTS symptoms predicted later loss of resources and deterioration in perceived health and functioning. In turn, resource loss predicted negative job and organizational outcomes. Exposure to trauma fully mediated the effects of deployment to the theater of war on PTS symptoms and resource loss and had additional significant indirect effects on several job and organizational relevant outcomes. For returning veterans, deployment to the theater of war, exposure to trauma, PTS symptoms, and resource loss represents a “cascading” chain of events that over time results in a decline of health and functioning as well as in adverse job and organizationally relevant outcomes that may affect organizational effectiveness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The action of a muscle proteinase on the myofibrillar proteins of bovine muscle

Myofibrillar proteins from bovine muscle have been treated with a Ca²⁺ activated muscle proteinase and the consequent changes in these proteins have been examined by various techniques. Tropomyosin, α-actinin and troponin were substrates for the enzyme, the last losing its property of inhibiting actomyosin ATPase in the absence of Ca²⁺ ions. Actin and actomyosin were apparently not digested but the Mg²⁺-activated ATPase activity of actomyosin was less after treatment whereas the Ca²⁺-activated ATPase was unaffected. It is suggested that the observed destruction of the Z-bands of the myofibrils by this proteinase is due to its digestion of the α-actinin, rather than the actin component.     

以F200和Sorbead WS为保护层真空变压吸附捕集CO2（英文）

In order to solve the water issues when 13X zeolite was applied to capture CO 2 from wet flue gas by vacuum swing adsorption process, multi-layered adsorption system was considered regarding activated alumina F200 and silica gel based Sorbead WS as pre-layer materials. LBET (extended Largmuir-BET) model and extended CMMS (cooperative multimolecular sorption) equation were simulated respectively to describe water loading on F200 and Sorbead WS. The two equations can be well added into our in-house simulator to simulate double-layered CO 2 -VSA (vacuum swing adsorption) process. Results indicated that water can be successfully stopped in pre-layers with a good CO 2 capture performance.