Loren Kaake  Xuan‐Dung Dang  Wei Lin Leong  Yuan Zhang  Alan Heeger  Thuc‐Quyen Nguyen 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2013,25(12):1706-1712

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Jonathan Rivnay  Pierre Leleux  Michele Sessolo  Dion Khodagholy  Thierry Hervé  Michel Fiocchi  George G. Malliaras 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2013,25(48):7010-7014

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Alan Bond 《影响评估与项目评价》2013,31(4):294-295

Abstract

Stakeholder engagement in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Health Impact Assessment (HIA) provides opportunities for inclusive environmental decision-making contributing to the attainment of agreement about the potential environmental and health impacts of a plan. A case evaluation of stakeholder engagement was carried out to assess its effect in terms of consensus-building. The case consisted in two health impact scoping workshops engaging 20 stakeholders: policy-makers, experts and residents. A Participatory Action Research approach was adopted. Methods included observation, semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. Analysis methods consisted of several coding rounds, in-depth reading and discussion of Atlas.ti output reports, as well as studying questionnaire results. Participants reported a broadening of perspectives on health in relation to the environment and attainment of shared perspectives. Still, meaningful differences remained, indicating that joint learning experiences, trust and mutual respect created a ‘sense of consensus’ rather than a joint view on the issues at stake. To avoid disappointment and conflict in later project development, explicit acknowledgment and acceptance of disagreements should be included as a ground rule in future stakeholder engagement processes.  相似文献   

    

David Néron  Pierre‐Alain Boucard  Nicolas Relun 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2015,103(4):275-292

This work deals with the question of the resolution of nonlinear problems for many different configurations in order to build a ‘virtual chart’ of solutions. The targeted problems are three‐dimensional structures driven by Chaboche‐type elastic‐viscoplastic constitutive laws. In this context, parametric analysis can lead to highly expensive computations when using a direct treatment. As an alternative, we present a technique based on the use of the time‐space proper generalized decomposition in the framework of the LATIN method. To speed up the calculations in the parametrized context, we use the fact that at each iteration of the LATIN method, an approximation over the entire time‐space domain is available. Then, a global reduced‐order basis is generated, reused and eventually enriched, by treating, one‐by‐one, all the various parameter sets. The novelty of the current paper is to develop a strategy that uses the reduced‐order basis for any new set of parameters as an initialization for the iterative procedure. The reduced‐order basis, which has been built for a set of parameters, is reused to build a first approximation of the solution for another set of parameters. An error indicator allows adding new functions to the basis only if necessary. The gain of this strategy for studying the influence of material or loading variability reaches the order of 25 in the industrial examples that are presented. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Ruben Gatt  Jean Pierre Brincat  Keith M. Azzopardi  Luke Mizzi  Joseph N. Grima 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2015,17(2):189-198

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Adam Williamson  Marc Ferro  Pierre Leleux  Esma Ismailova  Attila Kaszas  Thomas Doublet  Pascale Quilichini  Jonathan Rivnay  Balázs Rózsa  Gergely Katona  Christophe Bernard  George G. Malliaras 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2015,27(30):4405-4410

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Guillaume Schweicher  Vincent Lemaur  Claude Niebel  Christian Ruzié  Ying Diao  Osamu Goto  Wen‐Ya Lee  Yeongin Kim  Jean‐Baptiste Arlin  Jolanta Karpinska  Alan R. Kennedy  Sean R. Parkin  Yoann Olivier  Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld  Jérôme Cornil  Yves H. Geerts  Zhenan Bao 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2015,27(19):3066-3072

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Yogendra N. Shastri  Zewei Miao  Luis F. Rodríguez  Tony E. Grift  Alan C. Hansen  K.C. Ting 《Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining》2014,8(3):423-437

The benefits of particle size reduction and mechanical densification of biomass feedstock for storage, transportation, and handling must be assessed in relation to the systemic costs and energy consumption incurred due to these operations. The goal of this work was to determine the optimal levels of size reduction and densification through a combination of modeling and experimental studies. Size reduction and densification data for Miscanthus and switchgrass were generated using a two‐stage grinding process and the energy requirement and bulk densities for the particle sizes between 1 mm and 25.4 mm were determined. Increase in bulk density through compression by a pressure of 1.2 MPa was also measured. These data were used within BioFeed, a system‐level optimization model, to simulate scenarios capturing the possibilities of performing size reduction and densification at various stages of the supply chain. Simulation results assuming size reduction at farms showed that the optimal particle size range for both Miscanthus and switchgrass was 4–6 mm, with the optimal costs of $54.65 Mg^–1 and $60.77 Mg^–1 for Miscanthus and switchgrass, respectively. Higher hammer mill throughput and lower storage costs strongly impacted the total costs for different particle sizes. Size reduction and densification of biomass at the county‐specific centralized storage and pre‐processing facilities could reduce the costs by as much as $6.34 Mg^–1 for Miscanthus and $20.13 Mg^–1 for switchgrass over the base case. These differences provided the upper bound on the investments that could be made to set‐up and operate such systems. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd  相似文献   

    

Yogendra N. Shastri  Luis F. Rodriguez  Alan C. Hansen  K.C. Ting 《Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining》2012,6(1):21-31

Distributed storage and pre‐processing of biomass feedstock at satellite storage locations (storage depots) has been proposed in literature to reduce costs and improve efficiency of the supply system. The performance of such a system, however, has not yet been rigorously quantified and compared with conventional alternatives. This work presents such an analysis using the BioFeed optimization model. BioFeed is a system‐level model that optimizes the important feedstock production activities and determines the optimal system configuration on a regional basis. The BioFeed model was first modified to enable modeling of mechanical pre‐processing, such as pelletization and grinding, at the input or the output of storage facilities, which can be mandatory or optional. The model was used to study different Miscanthus production scenarios in southern Illinois. The results showed that making storage pre‐processing mandatory increased the total cost by up to 16–53% as compared to the base case. However, it reduced the farmers' share of the total cost by up to 13–39%. The exact values depended on the particular pre‐processing technology and scenario modeled. The most cost‐effective system consisted of a combination of pre‐processing on the farms as well as at the storage facilities. The study recommended that biomass output from a hammer mill should be the biorefinery delivery specification; the hammer mills should be installed at the input of the storage facilities, but pre‐processing at the storage facility should be optional. This led to the minimum total cost of 46.4 $ Mg^‐1. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd  相似文献   

    

Julija Tastu  Pierre Pinson  Ewelina Kotwa  Henrik Madsen  Henrik Aa. Nielsen 《风能》2011,14(1):43-60

Forecasts of wind power production are increasingly being used in various management tasks. So far, such forecasts and related uncertainty information have usually been generated individually for a given site of interest (either a wind farm or a group of wind farms), without properly accounting for the spatio‐temporal dependencies observed in the wind generation field. However, it is intuitively expected that, owing to the inertia of meteorological forecasting systems, a forecast error made at a given point in space and time will be related to forecast errors at other points in space in the following period. The existence of such underlying correlation patterns is demonstrated and analyzed in this paper, considering the case‐study of western Denmark. The effects of prevailing wind speed and direction on autocorrelation and cross‐correlation patterns are thoroughly described. For a flat terrain region of small size like western Denmark, significant correlation between the various zones is observed for time delays up to 5 h. Wind direction is shown to play a crucial role, while the effect of wind speed is more complex. Nonlinear models permitting capture of the interdependence structure of wind power forecast errors are proposed, and their ability to mimic this structure is discussed. The best performing model is shown to explain 54% of the variations of the forecast errors observed for the individual forecasts used today. Even though focus is on 1‐h‐ahead forecast errors and on western Denmark only, the methodology proposed may be similarly tested on the cases of further look‐ahead times, larger areas, or more complex topographies. Such generalization may not be straightforward. While the results presented here comprise a first step only, the revealed error propagation principles may be seen as a basis for future related work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献