Effect of processing for saponin removal on fungal contamination of quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Incidence of fungal contamination of quinoa seeds from three locations (Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia; Salta and Tucumán provinces, Argentina) was analyzed in samples with and without treatment to remove saponins (wet method). In processed samples, the percentage of infection was reduced. Distribution of the different fungal genera was not homogeneous in the three locations (p<0.05), although Penicillium and Aspergillus were the most prevalent contaminants, regardless the geographic origin of the samples. Other genera, such as Eurotium, Fusarium, Phoma, Ulocladium, Mucor and Rhizopus were less frequently isolated. Absidia, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Dreschlera, Epicoccum and Monascus were sporadically encountered. Significant differences (p<0.05) in the distribution of fungal genera in samples with and without saponins from each location were observed. In all cases, processing caused a decrease of Aspergillus incidence, while increased the proportion of Penicillium, Eurotium, Mucor and Rhizopus indicating that these genera were part of the internal mycota. A. flavus and A. niger were the dominating species of genus Aspergillus. A similar pattern of prevalent Penicillium species was observed in samples with and without saponins, since P. aurantiogriseum, P.chrysogenum, P. citrinum and P. crustosum were always present in high number, although their relative density was variable according to the geographic origin of samples. Mycotoxin-producing ability of most representative species was also determined. Toxigenic strains of A. flavus (aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid), A. parasiticus (aflatoxins), P. citrinum (citrinin) and P. griseofulvum (cyclopiazonic acid) were found. None of the A. niger isolates was ochratoxin A producer. The above mentioned mycotoxins were not detected in the samples analyzed.     

B族维生素对沼泽红假单胞菌产氢以及降解废水的影响

研究了B族维生素对沼泽红假单胞菌生长和产氢的影响以及其对模拟废水的处理效果。考察了在基础培养基中加入不同配比B族维生素时的产氢状况和废水处理效果。结果表明,B族维生素对沼泽红假单胞菌的生长,产氢以及处理废水能力都是有影响的。从产氢量的角度来看,空白对照组(未添加任何B族系列维生素)的产氢量最少,产氢量累积达到57.88 mL/L,加入全部维生素累积量128.83 mL/L,缺少VB2的产氢累积为83.25 mL/L,低于加入全部维生素累积量,因此VB2对产氢有促进作用,而缺少VB4的产氢量累积高达337.43 mL/L,高于加入全部维生素累积量,因此VB4对产氢有抑制作用。而对于废水处理效果来看,只加入复合VB的COD去除率达到最高值64.706%。     

麝香草酚对食品常见污染菌的抑菌作用

为阐明麝香草酚的抑菌作用,采用滤纸片法、牛津杯法和扩散法(打孔法)等体外抑菌实验对食品中常见的10种污染菌进行抑菌作用研究,并测定麝香草酚对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热乳酸链球菌、异常汉逊氏酵母、酿酒酵母、黑曲霉、黄曲霉的最低抑菌质量浓度。结果表明:麝香草酚抑菌谱广,对食品中常见污染菌有一定抑制作用,其中对细菌的抑菌效果最好。麝香草酚对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌的最低抑菌质量浓度分别为10、20、20μg/mL。     

Structural Properties and Energy Analysis of ZrxCu90-xAl10Ternary Metallic Glasses

Classical molecular dynamics(MD) were conducted to study the structure and energy distribution of Zr_xCu_90-xAl₁₀(x=20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) ternary alloys. When the Zr composition is 30%, the glass transition temperature reaches the maximum value and the Zr₃₀Cu₆₀Al₁₀ owns high glass forming ability(GFA). Analysis of the short-range structure shows that there are more low-energy Zr-centered polyhedron with high coordination number(CN...     

跨域联合学习与共享子空间度量的车辆重识别

目的 现有的跨域重识别任务普遍存在源域与目标域之间的域偏差大和聚类质量差的问题,同时跨域模型过度关注在目标域上的泛化能力将导致对源域知识的永久性遗忘。为了克服以上挑战,提出了一个基于跨域联合学习与共享子空间度量的车辆重识别方法。方法 在跨域联合学习中设计了一种交叉置信软聚类来建立源域与目标域之间的域间相关性,并利用软聚类结果产生的监督信息来保留旧知识与泛化新知识。提出了一种显著性感知注意力机制来获取车辆的显著性特征,将原始特征与显著性特征映射到一个共享子空间中并通过它们各自全局与局部之间的杰卡德距离来获取共享度量因子,根据共享度量因子来平滑全局与局部的伪标签,进而促使模型能够学习到更具鉴别力的特征。结果 在3个公共车辆重识别数据集VeRi-776（vehicle re-identification-776 dataset）、VehicleID（largescale vehicle re-identification dataset）和VeRi-Wild（vehicle re-identification dataset in the wild）上与较新方法进行实验对比,以首位命中率（rank-1 accuracy,Rank-1）和平均精度均值（mean average precision,mAP）作为性能评价指标,本文方法在VeRi-776→VeRi-Wild,VeRi-Wild→VeRi-776,VeRi-776→VehicleID,VehicleID→VeRi-776的跨域任务中,分别在目标域中取得了42.40%,41.70%,56.40%,61.90%的Rank-1准确率以及22.50%,23.10%,41.50%,49.10%的mAP准确率。在积累源域的旧知识表现中分别取得了84.60%,84.00%,77.10%,67.00%的Rank-1准确率以及55.80%,44.80%,46.50%,30.70%的mAP准确率。结论 相较于无监督域自适应和无监督混合域方法,本文方法能够在积累跨域知识的同时有效缓解域偏差大的问题,进而提升车辆重识别的性能。     

液相色谱双柱法和高效离子交换色谱法测定低聚半乳糖含量比较

目的:优化对比液相色谱双柱法和高效离子交换色谱法两种测定低聚半乳糖含量的方法,同时建立一种新的低聚半乳糖换算系数(K值)计算方法;方法:对现有上述两种测定低聚半乳糖含量的检测方法进行对比分析,筛选出分离效果更好的糖柱,并进一步优化色谱条件。结果:优化后的液相色谱双柱法对低聚半乳五糖到低聚半乳八糖的分离效果明显提升,提高了测定准确度,而高效离子交换色谱法操作更加简便;根据不同样品选用不同K值来计算低聚半乳糖含量的方式可进一步提升结果的精确性。结论:两种方法均可有效对低聚半乳糖含量进行检验分析,高效离子交换色谱法检测灵敏度较高,且已被AOAC等国际权威机构纳入标准检测方法,可作为低聚半乳糖含量测定的标准仲裁法;液相色谱双柱法测定低聚半乳糖更为简便快捷,经济适用,可用于生产企业日常产品检测。     

发酵肉制品中生物胺的危害及控制

发酵肉制品中的生物胺是由微生物中的酶对游离氨基酸发生脱羧作用而形成,生物胺种类复杂,并易在人体内积累产生毒性,本文综述了生物胺的特点、毒性、产生物胺微生物的种类及发酵肉制品中生物胺的控制因素(原料肉的控制、优良发酵剂的开发、生产工艺条件的控制等),目的是为了控制发酵肉中生物胺含量,确保发酵肉制品安全。     

黑木耳多糖的降解及其产物抗氧化性

采用水提醇沉法提取黑木耳多糖（Auricularia auricula polysaccharide,AAP）,用三氟乙酸（trifluoroacetic acid,TFA）降解黑木耳多糖,经单因素和响应面试验优化降解条件;纯化后多糖采用高效凝胶渗透色谱、红外光谱、高效液相色谱测定多糖分子量、红外谱图及单糖组成并测定多糖的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明：TFA浓度为0.8 mol/L、温度为78.2℃、降解2.1 h,降解黑木耳多糖的DPPH自由基清除率为70.37%。降解后黑木耳多糖分子量由148.2 kDa变为37.5 kDa,特征官能团结构及单糖组成无明显变化,为分子修饰黑木耳多糖提供试验基础。     

植物乳杆菌HCS03-001安全性评价及其益生特性分析

为了对植物乳杆菌HCS03-001(CGMCC No.16258)进行安全性评价以及益生特性的研究,通过溶血实验、耐药实验及急性经口毒性实验评价其安全性,通过对酸环境及胆盐环境的耐受性实验、抑菌功能特性实验及通便功效试验评价该菌株的益生特性.结果表明,植物乳杆菌HCS03-001在哥伦比亚血琼脂培养基上无透明圈形成,即...     

核桃油氧化及抗氧化调控研究进展

摘要：核桃油富含多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多种营养素,具有多种生物活性。核桃油的稳定性较差,易发生氧化酸败,为提高核桃油的品质,延长其货架期,综述了近年来有关核桃油氧化劣变的影响因素和核桃油抗氧化调控措施的研究进展。核桃油氧化劣变的影响因素有内部因素,如脂肪酸组成、内源性物质的抗氧化能力,也有外部因素,如储藏条件、提取工艺。可以采用微胶囊技术、复配调和其他抗氧化性强的油脂,以及添加抗氧化剂的方式延缓核桃油氧化酸败。