Diversity Analysis,Batch Fermentation and Characterization of Nisin in Identified Strains of Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis

Thirty-one strains of Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis were identified out of 89 isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from dairy and nondairy sources. Of the 31 strains, 24 (46.1%) were obtained from dairy and seven (18.9%) from non-dairy sources. The cluster analysis of rep-PCR showed that (GTG)₅-PCR followed by ERIC-PCR exhibited more discriminating potential than BOX-PCR. The obtained banding patterns characterized the polymorphism among strains. The strain level polymorphism was also obtained by the combined cluster analysis of (GTG)_5, ERIC and BOX-PCR which exhibited a level of heterogeneity among strains but not with the sources of isolation. Among 31 strains, 17 strains were able to produce zones of inhibition against Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC 015 and therefore considered as nisin producers. Nisin production by strains was further confirmed by PCR amplification of nisA/Z of 174 bp size. The nisin activity and cell growth observed to be higher in pH controlled batch fermentation than in uncontrolled fermentation. The nisin activity, cell concentration, and acidity were high in immobilized cell system than free cell batch fermentation. The hot acid and chloroform extraction method was found to be the efficient way for the partial purification of nisin from fermented broth.     

The separability of working memory resources for spatial thinking and language processing: An individual differences approach.

The current study demonstrates the separability of spatial and verbal working memory resources among college students, In Experiment 1, we developed a spatial span task that taxes both the processing and storage components of spatial working memory. This measure correlated with spatial ability (spatial visualization) measures, but not with verbal ability measures. In contrast, the reading span test, a common test of verbal working memory, correlates with verbal ability measures, but not with spatial ability measures. Experiment 2, which uses an interference paradigm to cross the processing and storage demands of span tasks, replicates this dissociation and further demonstrates that both the processing and storage components of working memory tasks are important for predicting performance on spatial thinking and language processing tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Hydrogen-rich gas production with CO2 capture from steam gasification of pine needle using calcium oxide: Experimental and modeling study

A research-scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor (BFBR) has been assembled and used to study the steam gasification of pine needles with calcium oxide (CaO) as sorbent and catalyst. The output parameters such as syngas composition, higher heating value, lower heating value, and cold gas efficiency, have been analyzed at the operating conditions of a temperature of 650°C to 850°C, steam/biomass (S/B) ratio of 0.4 to 1.6, and CaO/biomass ratio of 0.3 to 1.5. Furthermore, an ASPEN PLUS model of BFBR has been developed using Gibbs free energy minimization technique and model values have been compared with experimental values. From the experimental results, it is analyzed that the concentration of H₂ is increased from 37.02 vol% to 68.36 vol% with an increase in temperature from 650°C to 750°C at the S/B ratio of 1 and CaO/biomass ratio of 0.9 and after that, it decreased slightly. Furthermore, the concentration of CO₂ in syngas captured from 5.49 vol% to 0 vol%, when the CaO/biomass ratio is varied from 0.3 to 1.5. From the result analysis, it is concluded that higher temperature and higher CaO/biomass ratio has a significant impact on H₂ production while excess S/B ratio has a negative impact.     

Evaluation of Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Different Sources in Western India

Lactic acid bacteria isolated from unconventional sources are often attractive targets in the quest for obtaining better probiotics. In the present study, 16 members of the genus Lactobacillus, isolated from 3 different sources in western India, viz., plants, fermented foods and beverages, and human feces, were evaluated for their probiotic and bioactive properties. The isolates were closely related to Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and mainly Lactobacillus plantarum. The isolates were tolerant to bile salt, acidic pH and pancreatin, although pancreatin tolerance was generally low. Cellular extracts of several isolates displayed antioxidant activity, while cell-free supernatants displayed antibacterial activity against human pathogens. Antioxidant activity of Lactobacilli of human origin was higher than those from vegetables or fermented foods and beverages. L. plantarum AG40V prevented spoilage of fresh-cut fruits, vegetables and sprouted mung-beans. Lactobacilli from all sources displayed equal probiotic potential and those of human origin displayed superior antioxidant activity over others.     

Design of Green Smart Room Using Fifth Generation Network Device Femtolet

Wireless Personal Communications - Designing smart room with energy-efficient data and application offloading facilities for the users is a crucial issue. This paper has proposed the architecture...     

Energy and Spectrum Optimization for 5G Massive MIMO Cognitive Femtocell Based Mobile Network Using Auction Game Theory

Wireless Personal Communications - Energy and spectrum optimization for massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) cognitive femtocell based fifth generation (5G) mobile network is developed...     

Design of DTMOS based third-order G $$_m$$ m -C filter for fast locking PLL

Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing - Because of its counterintuitive nature, the Negative Group Delay (NGD) remains as an uncommon and unfamiliar electronic function. For this reason,...